Octavian

Question 1

What did Calpurnia do after Caesar’s death?

Answer 1

Gave Antony Caesar’s personal papers and custody of his property – marking him as Caesar’s heir.

Question 2

What did Lepidus do 2 days after Caesar’s death (16 March 44BC)?

Answer 2

Marched over 6,000 troops into Rome to restore order and to act as the bodyguards of the Caesarian faction

Question 3

17th March 44BC - what compromise did Antony make with the senate?

Answer 3

Caesar’s assassins would be pardoned and, in return, all of Caesar’s actions would be ratified.

Question 4

What did Caesar’s will say?

Answer 4

Great-nephew Octavian was adopted. His gardens were given to the people as a place of recreation. Every citizen of Rome got 75 drachmas.

Question 5

How did Antony instigate punishment of murderers?

Answer 5

Caesar’s funeral - presented blood-stained toga to the crowd and instigated a riot. Brutus and Cassius fled to Greece.

Question 6

Who said Caesar’s assassination ”was a fine deed but half done”?

Answer 6

Cicero

Question 7

What are the Philippics?

Answer 7

A series of speeches Cicero made in the senate attacking Antony as a tyrant.

Question 8

What event does this quote relate to? “His is an astonishing, I might say superhuman, quality of mind and spirit; … we must give him our formal support, so that his defence of the res publica may be not just his own private enterprise but a commission from us.”

Answer 8

Cicero proposing that Octavian be given pro praetorian imperium against Antony.

Question 9

What does Octavian say about receiving the pro praetorian imperium?

Answer 9

“It ordered me as propraetor to provide in concert with the consuls that the republic should come to no harm.”

Question 10

How long did Octavian end up holding pro-praetorian imperium for?

Answer 10

Life

Question 11

What were the senate’s mistakes in 43BC after Octavian defeated Antony’s army?

Answer 11

Trying to discard Octavian. Giving provincial commands to Brutus and Cassius.

Question 12

What did Octavian demand from the senate after defeated Antony’s army in 43BC?

Answer 12

He demanded the consulship left vacant by the two supporters of Antony and demanded Antony’s status as a public enemy be lifted.

Question 13

What did Octavian do when the senate refused him the consulship in 43BC?

Answer 13

Marched on Rome with 8 legions.

Question 14

How did the Second Triumvirate come about?

Answer 14

A tribune’s law proposed by P. Titius and passed in the tribal assembly on 27 November 43 BC.

Question 15

What was the purpose, powers and territory of the Second Triumvirate?

Answer 15

Purpose - to set the state in order and attack the armies of Brutus and Cassius.
Powers – absolute; the powers of a dictator.
Territory – divided among the three

Question 16

Describe the proscriptions carried out by the Second Triumvirate.

Answer 16

To eliminate opposition and gain money. 300 senators (including Cicero) were killed and 2000 equestrians.

Question 17

What were the first actions taken by the Second Triumvirate after the proscriptions?

Answer 17

Julius Caesar was deified.

They prepared for battle against Brutus and Cassius.

Question 18

When was the Battle of Philippi?

Answer 18

42BC

Question 19

Who was defeated in the Battle of Philippi?

Answer 19

Brutus and Cassius

Question 20

What were the results of the republican defeat at the Battle of Philippi?

Answer 20

The republican party was wiped out
Octavian had avenged the murder of his ‘father’.
The triumvirs split the empire between them:
Antony – Gaul and the East.
Octavian – Spain, Sardinia and Africa as well as settling the veterans in Italy.
Lepidus – ignored at first. Later Africa.

Question 21

When was the treaty of Brundisium?

Answer 21

40 BC

Question 22

What was the treaty of Brundisium about?

Answer 22

The triumvirs settled their differences and decided to share Italy.

Question 23

When was Lepidus deposed (kicked out) from the triumvirate?

Answer 23

37 BC

Question 24

What honour did Octavian receive in 36 BC?

Answer 24

tribune sacrosanctity

Question 25

What did Antony do in 34 BC to anger the Romans?

Answer 25

Sat on thrones with Cleopatra and their 3 children were made kings and queens of various territories.

Question 26

What did Antony do in 33 BC to anger the Romans?

Answer 26

Divorced Octavia and married Cleopatra, making himself a king of Egypt.

Question 27

What did Octavian do in 33 BC to instigate war against Antony (through Cleopatra)?

Answer 27

Opened his will (illegally) and read it in the senate. Apparently Antony intended to leave Roman territory to Cleopatra and their children.