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School Neuropsychology Final Prep > History Taking & When to Refer > Flashcards

History Taking & When to Refer Flashcards

1
Q 
The following symptoms are seen in which syndrome? 
Unmotivated, apathetic
Psychomotor slowing'
Concrete, stimulus-bound
Perseverative - poor problem-solving

a. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrome
b. Orbitofrontal Syndrome
c. Medial Frontal Syndrome
d. Dysexcutive Syndrome/EF Dysfunction

A

A. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrom

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2
Q 
The following symptoms are seen in which syndrome?
Child-like euphoria (immaturity)
Facetious humor (cruel & mean)
Shallow, labile affect
Social disinhibition - lack of filters
Impulsive, distractible
Difficulty maintaining set

a. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrome
b. Orbitofrontal Syndrome
c. Medial Frontal Syndrome
d. Dysexcutive Syndrome/EF Dysfunction

A

B. Orbitofrontal Syndrome

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3
Q

The following symptoms are seen in which syndrome?
A paucity of spontaneous movement & gesture
Sparse verbal output (repetition may be preserved)
Lower extremity weakness & loss of sensation
Incontinence

a. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrome
b. Orbitofrontal Syndrome
c. Medial Frontal Syndrome
d. Dysexcutive Syndrome/EF Dysfunction

A

Medial Frontal Syndrome

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4
Q 
The following symptoms are seen in which syndrome?
Motivation - may be variable
Anticipation - too excited
Goal selection
Planning
Monitory, self-talk
Sequencing: motor, visuospatial, verbal

a. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrome
b. Orbitofrontal Syndrome
c. Medial Frontal Syndrome
d. Dysexcutive Syndrome/EF Dysfunction

A

D. Dysexcutive Syndrome/EF Dysfunction

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5
Q

A blood clot that forms between the skull & the top lining of the brain (dura) is an ______.

a. epidural hematoma
b. subdermal hematoma
c. intracerebral hemorrhage.

A

a. epidural hematoma

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6
Q

A blood clot that forms between the dura and the brain tissue is a ______.

a. epidural hematoma
b. subdermal hematoma
c. intracerebral hemorrhage.

A

b. subdermal hematoma

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7
Q

A blood clot deep in the middle of the brain is a ______.

a. epidural hematoma
b. subdermal hematoma
c. intracerebral hemorrhage.

A

c. intracerebral hemorrhage

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8
Q

What is a diffuse axonal injury?

A

Damage to the pathways (axons) that connect the different areas of the brain - occurs when there is twisting & turning of brain tissue due to injury

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9
Q

What is an anoxic brain injury?

A

Brain injury due to a lack of oxygen

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10
Q

Define anoxia

A

Absence of oxygen supply to organ tissues, including the brain.

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11
Q

Define hypoxia

A

The decreased supply of oxygen to organ tissues, including the brain.

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12
Q

What type of CP has the following characteristics? Spastic, Ataxic, or Dyskinetic?

  • stiffly & permanently contracted muscles
  • 50% have average intelligence
  • 70% to 80% of patients
A

Spastic Type

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13
Q

What type of CP has the following characteristics? Spastic, Ataxic, or Dyskinetic?

  • uncontrolled, slow, writing movement
  • poor speech due to dysarthria
  • 10% to 20% of patients with CP
A

Dyskinetic Type

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14
Q

What is dysarthria

A

Problems coordinating the muscle movements required for speech

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15
Q

What type of CP has the following characteristics? Spastic, Ataxic, or Dyskinetic?

  • poor coordination
  • walk unsteadily (wide-based gait)
  • difficulty with quick, precise movements
  • 5% to 10% of patients
A

Ataxic type

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16
Q

What type of Muscular Dystrophy has the following characteristics? Congenital, Myotonic, or Duchenne?

  • onset at or near birth
  • affects all muscle groups
  • severe mental retardation with structural brain changes
A

Congenital MD

17
Q

What type of Muscular Dystrophy has the following characteristics? Congenital, Myotonic, or Duchenne?

  • onset birth to adulthood
  • variable effect on muscle groups
  • slow progressions
  • in juvenile form starts with LD, motor problems, ADHD, and/or anxiety disorders.
A

Myotonic MD

18
Q

What type of Muscular Dystrophy has the following characteristics? Congenital, Myotonic, or Duchenne?

  • onset between 2 & 6 years
  • proximal muscles affected
  • progresses to death
  • Mean IQ about 85…with deficits in verbal fluency, reading, phonological processing, receptive & expressive language, verbal learning & attention, & working memory
A

Duchenne MD

19
Q

What type of brain tumor has the following characteristics?

  • usually benign, cystic, & slow-growing
  • Symptoms: clumsiness of one hand (usually dominant), stumbling to side, headache, & vomiting
  • About 20% of pediatric brain tumors.
    a. cerebellar astrocytoma
    b. medulloblastoma
    c. ependymoma
    d. brainstem glioma
    e. craniopharyngioma
A

A. Cerebellar astrocytoma

20
Q

What type of brain tumor has the following characteristics?

  • Cancerous (most common malignant pediatric tumor)
  • Symptoms: headache, vomiting, uncoordinated movements, & lethargy
  • Metastasizes to the spinal cords
  • About 10-20% of pediatric brain tumors
  • More frequent in boys
  • Peak age = 5; Most occur before 10
    a. cerebellar astrocytoma
    b. medulloblastoma
    c. ependymoma
    d. brainstem glioma
    e. craniopharyngioma
A

B. Medulloblastoma

21
Q

What type of brain tumor has the following characteristics?

  • Variable growth rates
  • Located in the ventricles
  • Symptoms: headache, vomiting, & uncoordinated movements
  • Accounts for 8% to 10% of pediatric brain tumors
    a. cerebellar astrocytoma
    b. medulloblastoma
    c. ependymoma
    d. brainstem glioma
    e. craniopharyngioma
A

C. ependymoma

22
Q

What type of brain tumor has the following characteristics?

  • Located in the pons & medulla
  • Exclusively in children
  • Symptoms: double vision, facial weakness, difficulty walking, & vomiting
  • Survival rate = 5 years
  • 10% to 15% of primary brain tumors in children
  • Average age: 6 years
    a. cerebellar astrocytoma
    b. medulloblastoma
    c. ependymoma
    d. brainstem glioma
    e. craniopharyngioma
A

D. Brainstem Glioma

23
Q

What type of brain tumor has the following characteristics?

  • Located in the pituitary stalk
  • Symptoms: vision changes, headache, weight gain, endocrine changes
  • Rare: < 10% of childhood brain tumors
  • Age: Between 7-12 years
    a. cerebellar astrocytoma
    b. medulloblastoma
    c. ependymoma
    d. brainstem glioma
    e. craniopharyngioma
A

E. Craniopharyngioma

24
Q

What are the symptoms of prenatal nicotine exposure?

A
  • inattention

- externalizing behaviors (conduct disorder & antisocial behavior)

School Neuropsychology Final Prep (16 decks)

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