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Dermatology COPY > Equine Derm > Flashcards

Equine Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Non-infectious equine skin diseases?

A
  • allergies
  • immune mediated
  • endocrinopathy
  • misc
  • neoplasia
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2
Q

Which ectoparasites affect horses? Esp common?

A
  • chorioptes mite esp common (limbs and tail)
  • psoroptes mite bit common (head and ears)
  • neotrombicula autumnalis, Dermanyssus gallinae (seasonal)
  • rarely: scabies, demodecosis
  • ticks, lice, fleas, flies
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3
Q

Where is chorioptes often seen?

A
  • feathered hgorses
  • pastern dermatitis
  • peaks in winter
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4
Q

Clinical signs chorioptes?

A
  • pruritis, erythema, crusts, papules
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5
Q

Tx chorioptic mange?

A
  • fipronbil spray (repeat monthly, lots needed)
  • avermectins (efficacy controversial)
  • permethrins/pyrethroids (flumethrin acaricidaL)
    > clip feathers
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6
Q

Clinical signs of lice infestation?

A
  • pruritis variable

- identify parasites!! people overlook

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7
Q

Tx lice infestation

A
  • fipronil spray
  • syth pyrethroids
  • systemic ivermectin (H. Asini sucking lice)
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8
Q

are lice contagious?

A

Yes but species specific so only horses need treating

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9
Q

How may flies cause problems in horses?

A
  • bites and stings
  • infected woudns
  • hypersensitivity (esp culicoides sweet itch)
  • laral myasis
  • disease transmission (habronemiasis and onchocerchiasis)
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10
Q

What worms cause itchy bottoms?

A
  • pinworms
  • oxyuris equi
    > adults migrate from LI out of anus to lay eggs
  • self trauma
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11
Q

Most common skin allergy in horses?

A

Sweet itch

- insect bite hypersensitivity

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12
Q

Where is sweet itch seen? WHen?

A

USually dorsal but ventral fly also exists

- always seasonal! Not winter

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13
Q

Clinical signs of sweet itch??

A
  • papules, crusts, skin thickening, alopecia

- seasonal pruritis

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14
Q

What aged hroses sweet itch affect?

A
  • > 6 months
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15
Q

Ddx sweet itch?

A
  • oxyuris equi
  • insects
  • other allergies
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16
Q

Is intradermal testing for sweet itch indicated?

A
  • shows exposure not hypersensitivity
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17
Q

Does ASIT work for sweet itch?

A

No!!

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18
Q

Tx sweet itch?

A
  • anti-inflammatories/antipruritic (antihistamines, GCs)
  • management
    > flies live in areas of wet fields and low winds and cannot fly far
    > move horses!
    > rungs/hoods/fly spray
    > stable between 4pm and 8am
    > long term insecticides and repellants (synth pyrethroids [cypermethrin, flumethrin, deltamethrin, CARE FLISH!]
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19
Q

Most common bacterial disease on the horse? How are these diagnosed? `

A
  • Dermatophylsis congolensis (actinomyces) mud fever, affects cattle too if rain heavy > cytology on whole crust mixed with saline: “railroad tracks” may branch (not bacterial culture!)
  • Staph aureus/pseudintermedius (NB. superficial pyoderma can be painful) > cytology
  • rarely strep infections
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20
Q

Which horses are predisposed to med fever?

A

White limbs

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21
Q

When do cattle get rain salad/mud fever?

A

Serious tick infestation (Africa severe form)

- allows opportunistic Dermatophylsis congolensis

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22
Q

What does Dermatophylsis congolensis cause I’m other species ?

A

Rain scald
Sheep wool something
Cattle

23
Q

What is mud ever also known as?

A

Mud rash
Greasy heel
Pastern folliculitis

24
Q

Management and treatment of mud fever?

A

Look up papers
Management and husbandry changes
- chorioptes/ringworm/other pahtogens in mixed infection eradicated

25
Q

What are aural plaques?

A
  • papillomavirus infection
  • hyperkeratotic plaques
  • concave aspect pinnae
  • common esp. yearlings and older
  • Simulan spp. (midges) = vectors
  • often persist but do not bother horse!!
  • therapy = observation, do not tx unless causing problems!
26
Q

Why is dermatophytosis treatement always indicated?

A

Zoonotic and contagious

27
Q

Which species cause ringworm in horses?

A
  • trichopyton

- m equinum and m gypseum

28
Q

Pathogenesis of ringworm?

A

Resolvves in healthy horse within 5-6 weeks

29
Q

CLinical signs dermatophytosis?

A
  • may be pruritic

- same principles as SA (hair pluck/brush submit for fungal culture)

30
Q

Tx ringworm?

A 
> NOTHING LIC IN HORSES 
> offlicense: 
- topical griseofulvin/potassium iodide
- malaseb 
- isolation and hygeine
31
Q

Vax for dermatophytosis in the hrose?

A

No

32
Q

What is a comon signs of horse with allergy?

A
  • urticaria +- pruritis

> culicoides/food/atopic/{contact dermatitis?}

33
Q

Potential immune mediated/autoimmune skin disease in horse?

A
  • pemphigous foliacious (often accompanied by swelling and oedema)
  • erythema multiforme [reaction pattern, not Dx] (may look = urticaria but urticaria will pit on pressure, erythema will not pit)
  • adverse drug reactions
  • vasculitis [reaction pattern, not Dx] (purpura haemorrhagica)
  • alopecia areata (immune attack hair roots)
    > reaction patterns may indicate neoplasia, infection etc.
34
Q

What is PPID?

A
  • cushings
  • pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
  • hyperplasia of pituitary pars intermedia
35
Q

clinical signs of PPID?

A
  • old horses/ponies
  • PUPD
  • lethargy
  • poor thriving
  • 2* infections ^?
  • hirsuitism
  • laminitis
    > MORE SEE SLIDE
36
Q

What are systemic granulomatous diseases?

A
  • or chronic eosinophilic enteritis (may be same thing or slightly different diseases?)
  • also known as equine sarcoidosis (NOT RELATED TO SARCOIDS)
  • wasting disease
  • skin and GI affected
  • aetiology unknown (hairy vetch? mycobacterium? viral antigen?)
  • grave prognosis
37
Q

Tx systemic granulomatous diseaase? Prognosis?

A
  • change feed
  • systemic GC months
  • spontaneous recovery?
    > prog grave
38
Q

Clinical sings and dx of systemic granulomatos disease?

A
  • exfoliative dermatitis (scaling)
  • crusting
    SEE SLIDE ADD MORE
39
Q

How sudden onst is systemic granulomatous disease?

A

Acute onset v sudden onset

40
Q

How id dx systemic granuloatous?

A
  • liver function tests

- histopath

41
Q

WHat 3 factors needed for photosensitisation? What 2 forms exist?

A

1* ( st. johns wort, phenothiazine)
2* (phylloerythrin due to liver disease)
> UV + poorly pigmented skin+ photodynamic agent in skin all needed

42
Q

What photo induced disease are white limbs susceptable to?

A
  • leucocytoclastic vasculitis
    > acute onset erythema, oozing, crusting
    > v painful
43
Q

Dx. leucocytoclastic vasculitis?

A
  • biopsy

sedate first!!

44
Q

3 possible groups of nodular skin issues?

A
  1. sterile (often harmless, little known about them)
    - collagenolytic granuloma
    - cutaneous mastocytosis
    - axillary nodular necrosis
    - unilateral papillomatosis
  2. infectious(microbial/parasitic - can be tx)
    - botryomycosis
    - habronemiasis
    - dermatophilosis
    - dermatophytosis
  3. neoplastic
    - malignant
    - benign
45
Q

What is eosinophilic granuloma also known as?

A
  • eosinophilic grnauloma
  • nodular necrobiosis
  • SEE SLIDE
46
Q

CLinical signs eosinophilic granuloma?

A

see slide

47
Q

Dx collagenolytic granuloma?

A 
- history (not v speciffic) 
> afge, speed of onset, seasonality, tx, systemic disease
- tests
> fungal/bacterial culture
> FNA cytology
> histopath for definitive dx
48
Q

Ddx collagenolytic granuloma?

A

See slide

49
Q

Is collagenolytic grnauloma harmful to horse?

A

No

50
Q

Tx collagenolytic granuloma

A
  • leave alone
  • surgical excission if few
  • GCs (systemic, intralesional, sublesional)
51
Q

Prognosis collagenolytic granuloma?

A

see slife

52
Q

See slide for sarcoid types Ddx

A
53
Q

Which other species may get sarcoids?

A
  • felines (esp. farm cats, zoo cats too)
54
Q

Potential infectious skin diseases of horses?

A
  • ectparasites
  • dermatophilosis
  • folliculitis
  • fungal (dermatopyhtosis)
  • viral (aural plaques)

Dermatology COPY (25 decks)

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