B9.1 - Nervous Control in Humans Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a nerve impulse?

A

an electrical signal that passes along nerve cells called neurons.

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2
Q

what is the CNS made of?

A

made up of the brain and the spinal cord

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3
Q

what is the pathway of the CNS/?

A

→ information is first received from the sensory neuron which then passes the information through the spinal and cord and processes the information in the brain.
→ after the information is received a response is made by the brain and passed through the relay neurons and motor neurons act on the response

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4
Q

what is the PNS?

A

the system of nerves that connect the CNS to the skin, muscles and organs of the body

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5
Q

what is the PNS made of?

A

made of skin, muscles and organs in the body

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6
Q

what are the different types of neurons?

A

motor neuron, relay/intermediate neuron and sensory neurons.

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7
Q

what is the function of sensory neurons?

A
  • Detect signal

- Carry signals from receptors to the spinal cord then to the brain

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8
Q

what is the function of intermediate/relay neurons?

A
  • Carry messages from one part of the CNS to another
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9
Q

what is the function of motor neurons?

A
  • Trigger response

- Carry signals from the CNS to effectors such as muscles etc

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10
Q

how do nerve cells connect to one another?

A

through the synapse

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11
Q

what is the synapse?

A

Area where neurotransmitters are released from the previous neuron and they bind to certain receptors. From there a nerve impulse is passed to the next neuron and so on.

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12
Q

what are examples of different sensory organs?

A
→ eyes : senses sight
→ ears : senses sound
→ nose : senses smell
→ skin  : senses touch 
→ tongue/ mouth : senses taste
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13
Q

where are sensory neurons found?

A

in sensory organs

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14
Q

where are motor neurons found?

A

They are found near effectors which are usually glands or muscles. They carry information from the CNs to cause a response.

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15
Q

where are relay neurons found?

A

They are found in the CNS and connect sensory neurons to motor neurons

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16
Q

what is the difference between involuntary and voluntary actions?

A

Voluntary response- requires conscious thought/ decisions to be made.

Involuntary responses- do not require conscious thought/ decision to be made. They are automatic responses and usually made to protect us from harm.

17
Q

what are the two types of reflexes?

A
Simple reflex
Conditioned reflexes (learned responses)
18
Q

what is a reflex arc?

A

A reflex arc is a nerve pathway

19
Q

what is the order of reflex arc?

A
  • Sensory neuron detects stimuli
  • Relay neuron connects sensory neuron to motor neuron
  • The motor neuron is connected to an effector such as a muscles and stimulates a response
  • The muscles then reacts