Infection Control

Question 1

what is the path of infection

Answer 1

causative agent-> source -> portal of exit -> mode of transmission -> portal of entry -> susceptible host

Question 2

what are examples of portal of entry

Answer 2

mucous membranes, percutaneous injury, broken skin

Question 3

what is the order of transmission efficacy

Answer 3

1. direct innoculation
2. broken skin
3. mucosa - blood
4. mucosa- blood/saliva

Question 4

what are the bloodborn diseases of concern

Answer 4

hep B, hep C and HIV

Question 5

what are transmission based precautions

Answer 5

for patients known to harbor airborne transmission disease or for aerosol generating procedures (now)

Question 6

what immunizations do we need

Answer 6

Hep B
tdap
measles mumps rubella
varicella
polio
influenza (anually)

Question 7

what are low moderate, high and very high risk activities

Answer 7

low: administrative
moderate: urgent or emergency care
high: aerosol generating procedures on a well patient or anything on a covid patient
very high: aerosol on covid patient

Question 8

what are the steps before entering a room and after completion of care

Answer 8

before entering:

1. hand hygiene
2. clean gown
3. mask
4. eye protection
5. hand hygiene
6. clean gloves
7. enter room

after care :

1. remove gloves
2. remove gown
3. exit room
4. hand hygiene
5. remove eye protection
6. remove mask
7. hand hygiene

Question 9

when can you not wear gloves

Answer 9

not while handling anything other than patient care or outside cubicle

Question 10

what is the survivability of HIV

Answer 10

hours

Question 11

what is the survivabbility of rhinovirus

Answer 11

14 hours

Question 12

what is the survivability of staph

Answer 12

5 days

Question 13

what is the survivability of hepatitis B

Answer 13

7 days

Question 14

what is the survivability of hepatitis C

Answer 14

6 weeks

Question 15

what is the survivability of tb

Answer 15

6-8 months

Question 16

what are high, intermediate and low level chemical disinfectants

Answer 16

high : gluteraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide
intermediate: tubrculocidal, hospital disinfectant (iodophor, phenol, chlorine, sodium bromide) effective against SARS cov2 myobacterium tuberculosis

low level: hospital not tuberculocidal- quaternary ammonium

Question 17

what are the steps of disinfection

Answer 17

• clean to remove visible and non visible debris
• disinfect to remove microbial contamination (must remain wet for 3 minutes)
• wipe, throw wipe!!!

Question 18

what do you do if you were exposed to potential infection

Answer 18

• discontinue use of instrument involved
• cleanse area
• report to GPL
• complete exposure form
• request source patient testing
• referral to medical provider for follow up and counseling

Question 19

what are droplets? what are droplet nuclei

Answer 19

droplets: greater than 5 micrometers

droplet nuclei: particles from suspended droplets- less than 5 micrometers (airborne)

Question 20

what are obligate , preferential and opportunistic transmision types

Answer 20

obligate: disease following transmission of agent ONLY through inhalation of aerosols (tb)
preferential: disease follows transmission through multiple routes, predominantly aerosols (measles and varicella)
opportunistic: disease follos other transmission routes but under special circumstances may be transmitted through aerosols (smallpox, sars, influenza, norovirus)

Question 21

what do you do for airborne or patient with covid; how many air exchanges per hour for new or old construction

Answer 21

12 for new, 6 for old air exchanges!!

-airborn isolation roomm, negative pressure, air exchanges , air exhausted to outside or hepa filter

–BUT JUST POSPONE because you cant really follow it
no aairs, patient cant wear a mask, training? defer care