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Endocrinology > Immuno > Flashcards

Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

Low B-cell count + Low IgA, IgM, IgG

A

Bruton’s agammaglobulinaemia

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2
Q

Cleft lip / palate, hypocalcaemia, low T-cell count (+ cardiac abnormalities / thymic aplasia)

A

Di George’s syndrome (CATCH symptoms)

22q11 deletion

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3
Q

Reduced IgM and raised IgA + IgE.

Clinically: Eczema / nosebleeds / bruising

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

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4
Q

Mutation of MHC III + mild pneumonia

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

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5
Q

Jaundice + hepatomegaly + sclerosing cholangitis with a defect in either MHC I (CD8+ T cells) or MCH II (CD4+ T Cells)

A

Bare lymphocyte syndrome

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6
Q

Anti-cyclic citrullinated protein

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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7
Q

Anti-smooth muscle antibodies

A

autoimmune hepatitis / PSC

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8
Q

Anti-Jo1

A

Dermatomyositis

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9
Q

Anti-centromere

A

Limited systemic scleroderma (CREST syndrome)

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma (more aggressive than limited systemic scleroderma (CREST)).

Pulmonary Fibrosis is defining feature

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11
Q

Anti-Ro + Anti-La

A

Present in 50% of Sjogren’s patients

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12
Q

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase

A

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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13
Q

‘Saddle-shaped’ nose

A

Wegner’s granulamatosis (Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA))

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14
Q

Anti-endomysial

A

Ceoliac

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15
Q

CSF demonstrates oligoclonal bands of IgG on electrophoresis

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

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16
Q

Western blot test

A

HIV

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17
Q

Kveim Test

A

Sarcoidosis

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18
Q

Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) (aka Direct Coombs test)

A

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA)

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19
Q

Skin prick test

A

Hypersensitivity reactions e.g. peanuts

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20
Q

Recurrent mild pneumonias / diarrhoea but otherwise fine

A

Selective IgA deficiency

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21
Q

CTL4- immunoglobulin fusion protein

A

Abatacept (used in long-standing rheumatoid arthritis)

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22
Q

Anti-TNF α

A

Infliximab

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23
Q

Drug - prevents guanine synthesis and induces immunosuppression

A

Mycophenolate mofetil

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24
Q

HLA DQ2

A

Coeliac

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25
Q

HLA B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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26
Q

HLA DR2

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

27
Q

HLA DR3

A

Graves’, SLE, Myasthenia gravis

28
Q

HLA DR4

A

T1DM, rheumatoid arthritis

29
Q

NEGATIVE nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT) test (remains colourless)

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

30
Q

C1, C2, C4 deficiency

A

SLE

31
Q

Anti-GBM antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s

32
Q

Anti-Ach receptor

A

Myasthenia Gravis

33
Q

Desmoglein 3

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

34
Q

Desmoglein 1

A

Pemphigus foliaecus

35
Q

Anti-voltage gated soidum channels

A

Lambert-Eaton (opposite of Myasthenia Gravis)

36
Q

Opiate overdose

A

Naloxone

37
Q

Aspirin / salicylates overdose

A

Activated charcoal or haemodialysis if >1 hour

38
Q

Organophosphates poisoning

A

Atropine

39
Q

CEA (Carcino Embryonic antigen)

A

Colorectal cancer

40
Q

Mutation in alpha-synuclein protein

A

Familial Parkinsons

41
Q

‘Can’t see, pee or climb a tree’

A

Reactive arthritis / Reiter’s syndrome

42
Q

Old man, bone pain, raised ALP

A

Paget’s

43
Q

Hereditary angioedema deficiency

A

C1 inhibitor esterase

44
Q

Potential genetic defect contributing to atopic dermatitis

A

Filaggrin mutation

45
Q

Irritability + neutrophils

A

Kostmann Syndrome (severe congenital neutropenia)

46
Q

How to monitor activity of SLE?

A

C3 + C4 levels

47
Q

Antibody used to diagnose someone with systemic sclerosis

A

Anti-SCL-70

48
Q

Treatment for Wegners

A

Cyclophosphamide

49
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis DMARDS / Biologics

A

Start on anti-TNF alpha i.e. Etanercept, Adalimumab, infliximab.

Move on to tocilizumab (anti-IL 6)

50
Q

DMARD used in Psoriasis

A

Ustekinemab (anti IL-12 / IL-23)

51
Q

DMARD used in CGD

A

IFN-gamma

52
Q

How to treat Hereditary angioedema

  1. Patient can talk
  2. Patient can’t talk
A
  1. IV C1 inhibitor

2. Tracheostomy

53
Q

HIV:

Neutralising antibodies are formed against which glycoprotein

A

gp120

54
Q

HIV:

Non-neutralising antibodies are formed against which protein

A

p24

55
Q

Co-receptors required for HIV entry into cells

A

CCR5 or CXCR4

56
Q

6-month old boy with severe failure to thrive and recurrent infections.

T-cells undetectable
B-cells normal

A

SCID

57
Q

CD40L deficiency AKA…

A

Hyper-IgM

58
Q

What complements make up thr membrane attack system?

A

C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9

59
Q

CD found on activated T-cells, binds to IL-2

A

CD25

60
Q

Hep B Blood test - Positive following vaccination or previous infection

A

Anti-HBs

61
Q

Hep B Blood test - Positive in all Hep B carriers

A

HBsAg

62
Q

Hep B Blood test - Antigen which is positive in carriers with HIGH infectivity

A

HBeAG

63
Q

Hep B Blood test - Positive following previous infection but not following vaccination

A

Anti-HBc (c = caught)

Endocrinology (27 decks)

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