Lesson 28- Troubleshoot Startup and System Issues

Question 1

What is the role of the Apple T2 security chip in a Catalina startup?

Answer 1

verifies every step of the boot process to ensure that the hardware and software haven’t been tampered with

Question 2

What happens if your macOS with a T2 security chip identifies errors and experiences failures during the secure startup process?

Answer 2

your mac will enter macOS Recovery

Question 3

What are the primary system initialization stages in Catalina? What visual and audible cues do these stages provide?

Answer 3

• Firmware- power on. PST. Startup chime
• Booter- apple logo appears in the center of the main display
• Kernel- the progress bar appears
• System launchd- starting other items. Apple logo is replaced with the login window

Question 4

What does the firmware do? What’s the power-on self test (Post)?

Answer 4

Initializes Mac computer’s hardware and locates the startup file on a system volume.

checks for basic hardware functionality when a Mac powers on.

Question 5

What role does launchd serve during mac startup?

Answer 5

starts Catalina processes.

Question 6

What are two locations for launchd to find preferences files that control how LaunchDaemons are configured?

Answer 6

/system/library/launchdaemons

/library/launchdaemons

Question 7

What are the primary user session stages in Catalina? What visual and audible cues do these stages provide?

Answer 7

• login screen appears
• launchd loads apps such as the finder authentication
• user environment is active any time a user logs in to Catalina

Question 8

What are safe sleep, standby and power nap?

Answer 8

Safe Sleep- battery becomes drained or if you leave mac idle for a long time

Standby- power saving standby when its asleep for more than 1 or 3 hours

power nap- periodically runs updates while mac is sleeping

Question 9

What happens during mac shutdown?

Answer 9

loginwindow logs users out and then tells the kernel to quit the remaining Catalina processes.

Question 10

Which keyboard shortcut is used to start up in safe mode

Answer 10

shift

Question 11

which keyboard shortcut can you use to temporarily choose another startup disk?

Answer 11

option

Question 12

what changes are made when Catalina starts up in safe mode?

Answer 12

• verifies startup disk
• deletes kernel cache
• deletes font caches

Question 13

Which items aren’t loaded when Catalina starts up in safe mode?

Answer 13

• kernel extensions
• third party launch agents
• third party launch daemons
• third party startup items
• third party fonts
• any user login items
• any other user specific launch agents