SB7i: The Kidneys

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

The movement of particles across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (against the concentration gradient). The process requires energy.

Question 2

ADH

Answer 2

Antidiuretic hormone. Hormone produced by the pituitary gland that increases the permeability of the collecting duct in a nephron to water.

Question 3

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 3

The start of a nephron where filtration occurs.

Question 4

Collecting duct

Answer 4

The final part of a nephron.

Question 5

Dehydrated

Answer 5

Lacking in water.

Question 6

Filtration (in kidney)

Answer 6

Separating large molecules from smaller ones, as in the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule of a nephron.

Question 7

First convoluted tubule

Answer 7

Part of a nephron where selective reabsorption of glucose and some mineral ions takes place.

Question 8

Glomerulus

Answer 8

A network of blood capillaries associated with the Bowman’s capsule of a nephron.

Question 9

Loop of Henle

Answer 9

Long loop of a nephron involved in osmoregulation.

Question 10

Microvilli

Answer 10

Finger-like projections of the cell surface membrane that greatly increase its surface area.

Question 11

Nephron

Answer 11

Long tubule found in the kidney where filtration of blood occurs, and reabsorption of useful substances, leaving waste and excess substances in urine.

Question 12

Permeability

Answer 12

A measure of how well a membrane allows substances to pass through it. More permeable membranes allow more substances through.

Question 13

Pituitary gland

Answer 13

Part of the brain that detects changes in the body and controls them by releasing many hormones.

Question 14

Selective reabsorption

Answer 14

Taking back particular (useful) substances, such as glucose and some mineral ions, into the nephron.

Question 15

Urine

Answer 15

A fluid produced by the kidneys, containing urea and other waste or excess substances dissolved in water.