9.1 & 9.2 Flashcards
(49 cards)
chemical processes of life
metabolism
the elements and compounds the body needs for energy, repair, and growth
nutrients
energy content of food is typically measured in…
Calories
what are the only two safe, healthy way to lose weight
- to eat a healthy diet
- exercise regularly
your body’s primary source of energy and building materials
macronutrients
vitamins and minerals are needed in much smaller amounts and are therefore…
micronutrients
the most important energy-producing compounds in the cell; provide most of the energy for living things
carbohydrates
each link in a carbohydrate chain
simple sugar
two monosaccharides combined
simple carbohydrates
polysaccharides formed from long chains of simple carbohydrates
complex carbohydrates
a mixture of polysaccharides manufactured by plant cells for glucose storage
starch
not digested or incorporated into the body
dietary fiber
helps move undigested wastes along to keep the intestines clean and healthy
insoluble fiber
primary component of plant cell walls, is a form a insoluble fiber
cellulose
complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells; about half of the body’s dry weight
proteins
proteins made of simpler molecules; a long chain of protein
amino acids
- a single hydrogen atom
- a group of four atoms
- glycine
- alanine
fat-like substances, fats, and oils
lipids
simplest type of lipid molecule
fatty acid
fatty acids are combined into larger molecules
fats
used by our bodies to make bile, vitamin D, and important hormones
cholesterol
energy carrier of the cell
ATP
important organic substances found in plants and animals and foods made from them
vitamins
molecules that assist a cell’s enzymes in performing their jobs
coenzymes
