9.1 Communication Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is a Symbol ?
A particular pattern of bits represented by a signal
What is a Baud rate ?
number of signal changes in the medium per second
What is the Bit Rate ?
number of bits that are transmitted over the medium per second.
How is Bit Rate Calculated ?
Bit rate = Baud rate × № of bits per signal
When will bit rate will be higher than its Baud rate ?
If there is more than
one bit sent per signal.
What is bandwidth ?
The range of frequencies that a communication medium is capable of transmitting
What does a higher bandwidth result in ?
Higher bit rate
What is Latency ?
The difference in time between an action being initiated and its effect being noticed
What does latency usually increase with ?
Distance
What is a Protocol ?
A set of rules relating to communication between devices.
How can components transmit data between their different components ?
serially or in parallel.
How is data sent in Serial Transmission ?
Sent one bit at a time over one communication line
Where is Serial Data Transmission usually used ?
over medium to long
distances like peripherals
How does Parallel Data Transmission work ?
uses numerous parallel communication lines in order to send multiple bits between components in a computer simultaneously.
What s the problem called skew in parallel transmission?
time taken for one bit to be transferred will differ slightly from line to line due to different electrical properties within a medium .
What can skew result in ?
Corruption of data
Where is parallel data transmission usually used ?
Over short distances, such as between parts of the processor and within RAM.
What s the problem called crosstalk in parallel transmission?
communication lines are tightly packed, signals from one line can “leak” into another.
Does Serial data transmission suffer from skew or crosstalk ?
No, making it more reliable over long distances.
What is Synchronous transmission ?
Where a clock signal (shared by both the sender and the receiver) is used to time when signals are sent.
Where is Synchronous transmission used ?
Within the busses of a computer’s
processor
How do Signals in Synchronous transmission work ?
Sent at regular intervals, so will be received in the same order they were sent.
What is Asynchronous transmission ?
Use of start and stop bits to
indicate the duration of a transmission.
What is the rule for Asynchronous transmission ?
The start bit can be either a 0 or a 1 and the stop bit is always the opposite of the start bit.
