9.1 Gene Mutation Flashcards
(17 cards)
What ia gene mutation?
changes in the arrangement of bases in a gene
Types of gene mutation - 3 points
- insertion
- deletion
- substitution
What happens during insertion gene mutation?
a base is added to the DNA sequence
What does insertion in gene mutation cause?
A frame shift
What happens in deletion in gene mutation?
a base is deleted/removed from the DNA sequence
What does deletion in gene mutation cause?
A frame shift
What happens in substitution in gene mutation?
A base is replaces correctly/incorrectly
Which form of gene mutation does not necesarily cause much change?
substitution
Which forms of gene mutation causes the most change/frame shift?
- deletion
- insertion
What is chromosomal mutation?
changes in the structure/number of whole chromosomes
What are the types of chromosomal mutations?
- duplication
- deletion
- inversion
- translocation
What happens in duplication in chromosomal mutation?
extra copies of a gene is produced/generated
What happens in deletion in chromosomal mutation?
a gene is removed
What happens in inversion in chromosomal mutation?
genes are reversed
What happens in translocation in chromosomal mutation?
genes are swapped between two chromosomes
What are the two possible effects of a gene mutation?
- silent mutation
- frame shift
What are the effects of a frame shift? - 3 marks
- change in the amino acid sequence (enzyme/protein)
- therefore a change in the tertiary structure of the (enzyme/protein)
- therefore the (enzyme active site /protein) is no longer complementary
