9.1 Models of Reflective Practice

Question 1

Reflective Practice

Answer 1

• Essential to providing safe and quality care
• Allows you to compare your experience with literature and draw conclusions that help you formulate plans for tackling similar situations differently in the future or draw on experience of what has gone wrong to gain confidence.

Question 2

Gibbs Reflective Cycle

Answer 2

• Structured de-briefing
• Include how the experience made you felt or what you were thinking at the time
• Describe what happened
• How did the experience made you feel and why did it make you feel that way
• Evaluate which parts of the experience were successful, which parts were unsuccessful, and what outcomes did you achieve or did not achieve
• Analyze (compare the experience to others you’ve had) Are their resources to help you better understand your experience
• What conclusions can you draw about your experience
• How can you put your conclusions into practice (plan). What will you do differently in the future. What is your action plan to maintain positive aspects and improve negative aspects.
• IMPORTANT TO INCLUDE POSITIVE ASPECTS OF EXPERIENCE (NOT JUST NEGATIVE)

Question 3

Mezirow’s Critical Reflection Model

Answer 3

• Not just thinking, but solving a problem based on what you already know.
• Make meaning of an experience
• Reflection should result in changes to values, attitudes and beliefs.

Non-Reflective Action
- Habitual Action
- Thoughtful Action, No Reflection

Reflective Action
- Thoughtful Action, Reflection
- Ex-Post-Facto Reflection (consider prior learning that influenced the content of the problem, process, or procedures.

Ex-Post-Facto Reflection
- Content (Analyze the Situation)
- Premises (Analyze Foundational Ideas)
- Process (Analyze Strategies)
- Presuppositions (Analyze Underlying Assumptions)

Critical Reflection
- Ability to uncover our assumptions about ourselves, other people, and our workplace
- Critical Reflection uncovers how we think about our beliefs and values.

Question 4

Schon Three Types of Reflection

Answer 4

• Reflecting Before Practice
  Reflection before an experience for planning
• Reflecting In Practice
  Reflection during experience for active learning
  Hallmark of an experienced professional
  Examining one’s behavior and others while in the situation (real time)
  Observe to learn
  Attend to what you see and feel in a current situation focusing on responses and making connections with the experiences
  Being in the experience while at the same time witnessing the experience as if you were on the outside.
• Reflecting On Practice
  Reflection after experience for evaluation
  Can offer valuable contributions to patient care
  Focus on developing strengths
  Includes journaling (clinical journals), Clinical Study Assignments (case studies), supervisor feedback, discussions

MINDFULNESS - Key strategy for reflecting-in-action
- State of being purposefully attentive to one’s own moment-to-moment experience. Paying attention to one’s own thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and judgment.
- Helps nurses to focus on details, critically review incidents, and increase awareness of thoughts and feelings.
- “Detached observer”

Question 5

John’s Model

Answer 5

• Used for general reflection or critical incident analysis
• Looking into a situation
  Looking inwards, consider your thoughts and feelings about an experience
• Looking out of a situation
  Consider your actions, were they ethical, what factors influenced your decisions and how did they impact others.
• Write your experience (include thoughts and feelings of the experience)
• What were trying to achieve and why did you respond the way you did
• Describe how others were feeling during the situation
• Did you react the best way you could
• Explain internal and external factors that impacted your behavior, feelings, and actions.

Question 6

Reflective Diary

Answer 6

• Helps to explore ideas and clarify opinions to support learning.

Question 7

Reflective Practice

Answer 7

• Helps integrate theory and practice
• Enables nurses to explore and understand the nature and boundaries of their role
• Allow for development of a personal theory of nursing
• Encourages professional responsibility
• Monitor improved effectiveness over time
• Helps to develop emotional intelligence, self discovery, self awareness, self management, motivation, and empathy.