9.1 Transport In The Xylem Of Plants

Question 1

Define transpiration

Answer 1

The inevitable consequence of gas exchange in the leaf.

Loss of water vapor from leaves and stems of plants through stomata

Question 2

Capillary action

Answer 2

The ability of a liquid to flow in a narrow space against the flow of gravity

Question 3

Cohesion

Answer 3

Water molecules stick together to create surface tension

Question 4

Adhesion

Answer 4

Forces are present between the water molecules and the object.

Water molecules stick to other surfaces

Question 5

Process of transpiration and capillary action in a plant

Answer 5

Water evaporates from the leaf out the stomata, a lower pressure is created in the spongey mesophyll than in the roots. The water in the roots then travels up the plant into the leaves from high pressure to low pressure.

Question 6

Guard cells

Answer 6

When water leaves stomata, guard cells close

When water enters stomata, guard cells open

Question 7

Uptake of ions and minerals via indirect active transport

Answer 7

Minerals are attached to dirt and clay clumps so the plant releases H+ into the soil, the H+ attaches to the clay causing the minerals to be released.
Water then follows the minerals into the root via osmosis (low to high solute concentration)

Question 8

Water uptake pathways

Answer 8

Symplastic

Apoplastic

Question 9

Symplastic pathway of water

Answer 9

Water moves continuously through the cytoplasm of cells

Question 10

Apoplastic water pathway movement

Answer 10

Water moves first through the cell wall, then through the cytoplasm of the endodermis to pass casparian strip

Question 11

Xerophytes

Answer 11

Plants which live in dry places

Question 12

Adaptations of Xerophytes

Answer 12

• small thick leaves white less SA and stomata
• leaves have pits indented where the stomata are, creating humidity, therefore less water loss when stomata open for gas exchange
• thick waxy cuticle
• hair like follicles that trap humidity
• shed leaves in dryer months
• cacti live off water inside their fleshy stems
• CAM and C4 photosynthesis

Question 13

CAM photosynthesis

Answer 13

Stomata are closed during day,
Plant obtains Co2 during night, Co2 is converted into organic acids and stored for next day. Then converted back into Co2 for first steps of photosynthesis

Question 14

C4 photosynthesis

Answer 14

Plants have stomata open during day for very short periods of time to quickly obtain Co2. But at a rapid rate. Co2 stored in spongey mesophyll

Question 15

Stem tissue structure

Answer 15

Question 16

Root tissue structure

Answer 16