Lecture 1: Pharmacology Orientation and Scope

Question 1

What does each hypertensive pharmalogical suffix mean?

1. -lol
2. -sin
3. -pril
4. -pine
5. -ide

Answer 1

1. beta blocker
2. alpha blocker
3. ACE inhibitor
4. calcium channel blockers
5. diuretic agents

Question 2

What is Functional Antagonism?

Answer 2

2 antagonists interact with different receptors to produce opposite effects

Question 3

What is Chemical Antagonism?

Answer 3

a drug counters the effect of another resulting in decreased effect

Question 4

What is Dispositional Antagonism?

Answer 4

metabolism of a chemical is altered and the concentration/duration of the chemical is diminished

Question 5

What is Receptor Antagonism?

Answer 5

receptor configuration and specificity

Question 6

What are Pharmaceutical Alternatives?

Answer 6

same drugs having different salt/complexes, or different dosage forms/strengths

Question 7

What is Therapeutic Equivalence and what are two things that are expected to be the same between the two?

Answer 7

drugs that are pharmaceutically-equivalent and have same THERAPEUTIC EFFECT and SAFETY PROFILE

Question 8

What is Pharmaceutical Equivalence?

Answer 8

drugs with same ingredients, dosage form/route, and strength/concentration

• brand name vs generic form

Question 9

What is the difference between A and B Codes for Therapeutic Equivalence?

Answer 9

A code - therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products

B code - considered NOT to be therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products

Question 10

What are the following amounts for:

1. tsp
2. tbsp
3. oz
4. quart
5. pint
6. gallon

Answer 10

1. 5 ml
2. 15 ml (3 tsps)
3. ounce (30 ml or 2 tbsp or 6 tsp)
4. 946 mL (2 pints = 1 quart)
5. 473 mL (16 oz = 1 pint)
6. 3.79 L (4 quarts or 8 pints)

Question 11

What is the Dosage Formula?

Answer 11

(D / H) x Q = individual dosage to be administered

D = doctors order (amount doctor prescribed)
H = amount available at the pharmacy
Q = form of the medication

Question 12

What do these abbreviations mean:

1. q.d.
2. b.i.d.
3. t.i.d.
4. q.i.d.
5. q.o.d.
6. q.”x”.h.

Answer 12

1. every day or daily
2. twice daily
3. three times daily
4. four times daily
5. every other day
6. every “x” of hours

Question 13

What do these abbreviations mean:

1. q.a.m.
2. q.p.m.
3. q.h.s.
4. p.r.n.
5. a.c.
6. p.c.

Answer 13

1. every morning
2. every evening
3. every night at bedtime
4. as needed
5. before meals
6. after meals

Question 14

What do these abbreviations mean:

1. o.d.
2. o.s.
3. o.u.
4. a.d.
5. a.s.
6. a.u.
7. gtt

Answer 14

1. right eye
2. left eye
3. both eyes
4. right ear
5. left ear
6. both ears
7. drops

Question 15

What do these abbreviations mean:

1. p.o.
2. s.l.
3. i.v.
4. i.m.
5. s.q.
6. p.r.
7. NGT
8. OGT

Answer 15

1. by mouth
2. sublingually (under the tongue)
3. intravenously
4. intramuscular
5. subcutaneously
6. per rectum
7. Naso-Gastric Tube
8. Oro-Gastric Tube

Question 16

What is the difference between:

Schedule 1 Drugs
Schedule 2 Drugs
Schedule 3 Drugs
Schedule 4 Drugs
Schedule 5 Drugs

Answer 16

1. all research use illegal under federal law
   
   • no accepted medical use/high abuse potential
2. no telephone Rx’s and no refills
   
   • high abuse potential, severe dependence
3. new Rx written after 6 months or 5 refills
   
   • high abuse potential, severe dependence
4. Rx must be written after 6 months/5 refills
   
   • low abuse potential, low dependence risk
5. non-opioid Rx, dispensed w/o Rx
   
   • limited quantities of certain narcotics

Question 17

What are 4 examples of Schedule 1 drugs? (RMLP)

Answer 17

Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)
Marijuana (this has most likely changed)
LSD
PCP

Question 18

What are 4 examples of Schedule 2/3 drugs? (OCAP)

Answer 18

Opioids
Cannabinoids
Amphetamines
Phenobarbital

Question 19

What are 3 examples of Schedule 4 drugs? (PPA)

Answer 19

Propoxyphene
Phenteramine
Alprazolam