Urological pathology Flashcards
Palpable mass in right loin Fever + weakness Hypercalcaemia VHL Leibovich risk model for clear cell
Renal cell carcinoma
clear cell most common - 85%
Female
E.coli
Suprapubic pain, low grade fever, dysuria, frequency
Cystitis
Cyclophosphamide
Haemorrhagic cystitis
4yo large abdominal mass + haematuria
Immature glomerular structures + spindle cells
Wilm’s tumour (nephroblastoma)
Gleason's grading system Asymptomatic Peripheral zone of gland PSA >4 Adenocarcinoma
Prostate cancer
Smoker, ex-factory worker
Painless haematuria
Transitional cell bladder cancer
Endemic urinary schistosomiasis
Squamous cell bladder cancer
LUT symptoms
Nodular enlargement in transition zone
Dihydrotestosterone mediated hyperplasia of prostatic cells
BPH
Most common testicular tumour
Germ cell (incl. seminoma, teratoma)
RF for germ cell testicular tumours
Cryptorchidism, testicular dysgenesis, Kleinfelter’s
10x increase in testicular Ca
Maldescent of testis (cryptorchidism)
Painless testicular enlargement
Cryptorchidism (failure to descent)
AFP, B-hCG, LDH
Excellent prognosis - chemo/radiosensitive
Testicular tumour
Germ cell most common - incl. seminoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumour, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma
Sheets or nests of polygonal cells
Lobulated tan lesions
Most common testicular tumour
Seminoma
Semolina has lots of little nest of cells and is quite lobular - its also quite a common dessert
Immature fetal-type tissue
Keratin producing
Cystic + solid areas
Teratoma
‘Tiny Teras spewing out keratin’
Small pleomorphic cells
Lace like growth pattern
Yolk sac tumour
Little yolks wrapped in lace
