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Heart Pathology > Other disorders > Flashcards

Other disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Coarctation of aorta

A

Bicuspid aortic valve
Associated with turner syndrome

Hypertension of upper extremities
Weak, delayed pulse in lower extremities
Brachiofemoral delay
Notched appearance on CXR
HF, ⬆️risk cerebral hemorrhage (berry aneurysm), aortic rupture and possible endocarditis

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2
Q

Essential Hypertension

A

⬆️CO

⬆️TPR

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3
Q

Renovascular secondary htn

A

1- fibromuscular dysplasia : String of beads appearance of renal artery
2- atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis
3-hyperaldostronism

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4
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Eccentric hypertrophy
Cause: alcohol,beriberi,cocaine, chagas, coxaci B viral myocarditis, doxorubicin, hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, thyrotoxicosis, peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Findings: HF, S3, regurgitant murmur systolic, balloon shape on cxr

Tx: Na restriction, ACEI, betablocker, diuretic, digixin, ICD, heart transplant

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5
Q

Tokotsobu cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Broken heart syndrome
Ventricular apical ballooning due to increased sympathetic stimulation

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6
Q

Young athlete sudden death

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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7
Q

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

A

Concentric hypertrophy
Cause sudden death in athletes due to V arrhythmia
Syncope during exercise (asymmetric septal hypertrophy and systolic anterior motion of mitral»outflow obstruction»dyspnea and syncope)
S4
Systolic murmur
MR

Tx: CCB (verapamil), Beta blocker, ICD

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8
Q

Concentric LVH

A

HTN chronic
Friedreich ataxia
HOCM

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9
Q

Restrictive infiltrative cardiomyopathy

A

Low coltage ecg

Post radiation fibrosis, hemochromatosis,amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, loffler endocarditis (hyper eosiniofilic syndrome)

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10
Q

Rheumatic fever

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Pharyngeal infection with group A betahemolytic streptococci
Mitarl>Aortic»tricuspid involvement
Early : MR Late: MS

Aschoff bodies : granuloma with giant cells
Anitschkow cells : enlarge macrophage with ovoid, wavy, rod-like nucleus
⬆️ASO titer

Immune mediated - type II hypersensitivity
Tx : penicillin

JONES CRITERIA

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11
Q

Jones criteria for rheumatic fever

A 
Migratory poly arthritis (Joints)
Carditis
Subcutaneous nodules in skin
Erythema marginatum 
Syndenham chorea
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12
Q

Pericarditis

A 
Sharp pain
Inspiration: ⬆️pain
Sitting up and leaning forward: ⬇️pain
Complication : pleural effusion
Friction rub, 
Widespread ST elevation PR depression

Tx : NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

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13
Q

Causes of pericardity

A 
Confirmed infection (coxsakievirus B)
Neoplasia
Autoimmune (SLE, RA)
Uremia
Cardiovasculr ( dressler and STMEI)
radiation therapy 
Idiopathic
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14
Q

Lymphocytic infiltration + focal necrosis

A 
Viral myocarditis
Adeno
Parco
Coxsakie
Hiv
Hhv
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15
Q

Myocarditis

A 
SCD <40
Dyspnea, chest pain, fever, arrhythmia 
Persistent tachycardia not proported to fever
Cause : viral
Parasite (trypanozome, toxo)
Bac (m. Pneumoniae, B. Bergdorfi)
Toxin (CO, blck widow venom)
Rheumatic fever
Drugs (cocaine, doxorubicine)
Autoimmune (kawasaki, sarcoidosis, SLE, polymyositos

Complications: SCD, arrhythmia herat block, dilated cardiomyopathy, Hf, mural thrombus with systemic emboli

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16
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Compression of heart by fluids
4 chambers have equal pressure

Beck triad : 1- hypotension 2-disgended neck veins, 3- distant heart sound
⬆️HR, pulsus paradoxus,
Low voltage QRS
ELECTRICAL ALTERNANS OF QRS

17
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A 
Tamponade
Asthma
Obstructive sleep apnea
Pericarditis
Croup
18
Q

Syphiliric heart disease

A

Atrophy of vessel wall and dilation of aorta and valve ring
Three bark appearance of aorta
Aneurysm of ascending aorta or aortic arch, aortic insufficie

19
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

⬆️JVP on inspiration (instead of a normal ⬇️)
Due to impaired filling of Rt heart
JVD

May be seen in Rt A or V tumors
Constrictive pericarditis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy

20
Q

Myxoma

A

Primary cardiac tumor in adults
IL-6 production
Obstruction of Lt atrium : syncopal episode
Constitutional symptom: fever and weight loss

21
Q

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

A

Blanching lesion, telangectasia on skin and mucosal membrane

Recurrent epistaxis, skin discolaration, arteriovenous malformation, GI bleeding, hematuria

Heart Pathology (9 decks)

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