Research Applications

Question 1

Research report

Answer 1

Results: specific lab, clinical, objective, or subjective findings

Question 2

Descriptive research

Answer 2

Correlation studies or ecological studies: compare frequency of events (or disease rates) in different populations with the percapita consumption of certain dietary factors (correlation between fish consumption and breast cancer incidence)

Question 3

Analytical research

Answer 3

Experimental group: receives the program or treatment
Control group: does not receive the treatment or may receive a placebo

Parallel design: participants are randomly assigned to a particular treatment group and remain on that treatment throughout the study

Cross-sectional (prevalence study): snap shots look at one point in time, describes current not past or future events

Question 4

IRB

Answer 4

Institutional review board under the FDA

Question 5

Variables

Answer 5

Dependent: outcomes

Independent: what you manipulate in your study

Question 6

Central tendency

Answer 6

Mean: simple average
Median: midpoint
Mode: most frequently occurring value

Question 7

Standard deviation

Answer 7

about 2/3 (68%) of all observations in a normal distribution lie within 1 SD of the mean

Question 8

Double blind study

Answer 8

removes bias from research, neither the researcher nor the subject knows which group is receiving the treatment and which the placebo

Question 9

Mortality

Answer 9

rate of death

Question 10

Morbidity

Answer 10

state of disease

Question 11

Inferential statistics

Answer 11

techniques that allow conclusions to extend beyond an immediate data set, what is the probability that the results can be applied to a larger group

Question 12

Pilot study

Answer 12

includes every step in the study