Surgical Anatomy of the Tract

Question 1

Deglutination

Answer 1

Complex movement involving skeletal and smooth muscle

Question 2

Swallowing 4 phases

Answer 2

Oral preparation
Oral transit (voluntary)
Pharyngeal (Involuntary)
Oesophageal (involuntary)

Question 3

Oesophagus 3 main parts

Answer 3

Cervical (cricopharyngeus to thoracic inlet)
Thoracic (to hiatus)
Abdominal
Approx 25cm in length

Question 4

Oesophageal blood supply

Answer 4

Arterial supply
Cervical- via inferior thyroid artery
Thoracic- via thoracic artery branches
Abdominal- from coeliac plexus

Question 5

Oesophageal venous drainage

Answer 5

Cervical- inferior thyroid veins
Thoracic- azygous system
Abdominal- left gastric vein (portal system)

Question 6

3 Oesophageal constrictions

Answer 6

Cervical constriction
Thoracic constriction
Diaphragmatic constriction

Question 7

Oesophageal Thoracic constriction

Answer 7

Aortic arch + L primary bronchus

Question 8

Oesophageal Diaphragmatic constriction

Answer 8

Oesophageal hiatus

Question 9

Oesophageal hiatus

Answer 9

T10
Right crux of diaphragm
Oesophagus
Vagus Nerve

Question 10

Diaphragm Aortic Opening

Answer 10

T12 (in the median plane)

Structures passing through- aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein

Question 11

Diaphragm Oesophageal Opening

Answer 11

T10 (to the left side of the median plane)
Structures passing through- oesophagus, R + L vagus nerves, left gastric vessels, lymphatics from the lower third of the oesophagus

Question 12

Diaphragm caval opening

Answer 12

T8 (to the right side of the median plane

Structures passing through- inferior vena cava, R phrenic nerve

Question 13

Hiatal levels

Answer 13

T8- Vena Cava
T10- Oesophagus
T12- Aortic Hiatus

Question 14

Oesophageal sphincter

Answer 14

Physiological/functional sphincter (not anatomical)
Smooth muscle
Crural diaphragm

Question 15

Hiatus Hernia

Answer 15

Reflux
Bloating
Sore throat
Hoarse voice