Chapter 8: Physiological Assessment Flashcards
Symptoms and signs that deserve an immediate termination of assessment
- The onset of chest pain/discomfort, angina or similar symptoms
- A drop of systolic blood pressure of 10mmHg or more with an intensity increase
- An increase in blood pressure (over 115mmHg for diastolic or over 250mmHg for systolic)
- Symptoms of excessive fatigue
- Pallor (paleness), Cyanosis (coloration by mouth), Lightheadedness, clammy/cold skin, and nausea
- Ataxia, confusion, syncope, and dizziness
- Claudication or leg cramping
- A request from your client to stop
- Physical and verbal signs of extreme fatigue
- Failure in equipment
Essential bODY fAT levels
Men: 2-5 %
Women: 10-13%
- Lean Body Mass: muscle, bone, connective tissue, nervous tissue, blood, organs and skin
Body Composition Assessments
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
- Measures electrical signals as they pass through fat, lean mass, and water in body
- Optimal hydration is essential for results
Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP):
- (bodpod) measures the amt. of air that is displaced when a person stands in the machine.
Dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA SCAN)
- Among most accurate, low dosage x-ray that reads bone and soft tissue mass.
Hydrostatic Weighing;
- measures amt. of water displaced when a person is submerged
- best way to measure body comp.
SKIN FOLDS:
- Measuring subcutaneous body fat
- Inexperienced or untrained personal trainers taking measurements could throw off numbers
Jackson and Pollock 3 site locations
For women: Thigh, triceps, and suprailium (beside belly button)
For men: thigh, abdominal and chest
Body mass index (BMI) Readings
Under 18.5 = underweight Between 18.5 in 24.9 = Normal Between 25 and 29.9 = Overweight Between 30 and 34.9 = level I obesity Between 35 and 39.9 = level II obesity Over 40 = Level III obesity
YMCA Bike Test (Cycle Ergometer test)
- commonly used in universities/clinical research settings
- measures HR response to incremental (predetermined) 3-minute workloads that progressively elicit higher HRs
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
- Obese people not comfy on cycle seat,
- Orthopaedic problems that limits knee ROM
- Neuromuscular problems; struggle keeping cadence
VT1
1st Ventilatory Threshold
- Reps. a level of intensity where blood lactate accumulates faster than it can be cleared… causes a person to breathe faster in order to blow off excess CO2
VT2
2nd Ventilatory Threshold
- Occurs at a point where lactate is rapidly increasing w/ intensity (hyperventilation)
Submaximal Talk Test for VT1
Pu em on a treadmill/bike, increase intensity and ask them to sing despacito, until it’s tough to sing…. once its tough measure the HR and thats their VT1
CONTRAINDICATIONS
- breathing problems (asthma, etc.)
- Anxiety of laboured breathing
- Recently recovered from respiratory infection
OBLA
Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation
The exact moment that blood lactate is accumulating at a faster rate than the body can remove it
This is also referred to as the anaerobic threshold
Equivalent to VT2
VT2 Threshold testing
Only recommended for well-conditioned individuals with performance goals
- 15-20 min. single stage test
- record HR at the end of each 5min. bout
- Average HRs, and multiply by 0.95
Field Tests
+ Rockport Fitness Walking Test
- Client walks a mile on a track as fast as possible, immediate post-exercise HR is used to measureVO2 Max
+ 1.5 mile run
+ Step tests
- Client’s one-minute post-exercise HR is recorded
- Should not be done with clients that:
- Have balance problems
- Are severely overweight
- Are very reconditioned
- Have orthopaedic problems
- Are very short and have difficulty with stepping height
