History and Systems

Question 1

Created the theory of visual color theory

Answer 1

Young-Helmholtz

Question 2

Created opponent process theory

Answer 2

Hering

Question 3

Involved in the creation of factor analysis

Answer 3

Spearman and Thurstone

Question 4

Idealism, solipsism; all we can know is our own experience

Theory of space perception

Answer 4

Berkeley

Question 5

The mind knows only its true processes; skepticism, innate categories of cause and effect have no necessary connection - simple and complex ideas

Answer 5

Hume

Question 6

Precepts given according to concepts. Categories of cause and effect, time, space are “filters” of perception and experience.

Answer 6

Kant

Question 7

An attempt to explain complex wholes as associated elements

Answer 7

associationism

Question 8

Culmination of philosophy of associationism, elementism. Principle of contiguity

Answer 8

James Mill

Question 9

Theory of permanent possibilities of sensations and coined “mental chemistry”

Answer 9

James Stuart Mill

Question 10

Wrote Principles of Psychology, asserted that instincts are inherited concatenations of reflexes, evolutionary associationism

Answer 10

Spencer

Question 11

Wrote Origin of Species, theory of evolution

Answer 11

Darwin

Question 12

Published the first systematic psychology textbook, discussed neurology, asserted that behavior occurs due to trial and error

Answer 12

Bain

Question 13

Phenomena of mind and behavior can be described in the concepts of the physical sciences

Answer 13

Scientific materialism

Question 14

First educational psychologist; first mathematical psychologist

Answer 14

Herbart

Question 15

Published Handbook of Physiology, coined two-point threshold - Weber’s law

Answer 15

Muller and Weber

Question 16

Coined conservation of energy, wrote on perception, measured speed of neural impulse, studied vision and hearing

Answer 16

Helmholtz

Question 17

Theory of color mixture: red, green, and blue cones

Answer 17

Young-Helmholtz Theory

Question 18

Coined theory of mysticism, psychophysics: method of limits, constant stimuli, reproduction

Answer 18

Fechner

Question 19

Person who believed science included social and natural elements. Experimental self-observation, experimenter and participant, method.

Answer 19

Wundt

Question 20

Believed experience comprised of sensations, feelings, consciousness, attention: Studied sensation/perception, attention, reaction time

Answer 20

Wundt

Question 21

Person who conducted systematic and crucial experiments. Mental acts include recalling, sensing, judging

Answer 21

Brentano

Question 22

Studied space perception and audition; phenomenology

Answer 22

Stumpf

Question 23

Coined nativism in space perception and color theory.: negative after images, red-green/blue-yellow/black-white cones, opponent process theory

Answer 23

Hering

Question 24

Developed intelligence testing, wrote “On memory” coined forgetting curve, remote associations

Answer 24

Ebbinghaus

Question 25

Worked on eugenics, fingerprinting, free association

Answer 25

Galton

Question 26

Wrote the Principles of Psychology, on pathways in brain, on stimulus-response, stream of consciousness

Answer 26

William James

Question 27

Popularized questionnaires, first US lab

Answer 27

Hall

Question 28

First used rat maze

Answer 28

Sanford

Question 29

Studied individual differences

Answer 29

Cattell

Question 30

School of psychology concerned with introspection

Answer 30

structuralism

Question 31

School of psychology concerned with adaptation

Answer 31

functionalism

Question 32

A structuralist who looked at the structure and content of the mind. Observed the what, why, and how of the elements.

Answer 32

Titchener

Question 33

The center of explicit functionalism

Answer 33

Chicago

Question 34

The center of implicit functionalism

Answer 34

Columbia

Question 35

Functionalist who studied operations and functions of consciousness

Answer 35

Angell

Question 36

Functionalist who held that the organism adapts consisting of motive, stimulus, sensory of situation, incentive, response

Answer 36

Carr

Question 37

Functionalist who popularized scientific method in psychology, social psych, and psych of language

Answer 37

Mead

Question 38

Functionalist who studied escape of animals from puzzle box, blind trial and error, law of effect, S-R connection strengthened by satisfier, connectionism

Answer 38

Thorndike

Question 39

People who measured intelligence via reaction time, psychophysics but it did not work well

Answer 39

Cattell, Calkins

Question 40

First intelligence test, age-graded puzzle tasks, identify children who would struggle in school, mental age

Answer 40

Binet and Simon

Question 41

Popularizer of behaviorism. Environmentalism, conditioning. Believed consciousness was not legitimate subject. Thinking is subvocal speech.

S-R connectedness, reflexes as units of bx. Emotions, instincts, and habits are all reflex arcs.

Answer 41

Watson

Question 42

Posited that learning is not a series of chained reflexes and equipotentiality

Answer 42

Lashley

Question 43

Coined single law of learning

Answer 43

Guthrie

Question 44

Created the operational definition of “reinforcer.” Walden two, environmental control of bx.

Answer 44

Skinner

Question 45

“From above down” not “from below up”

Answer 45

gestalt

Question 46

Gestalt psychologist who coined field theory, life space, sensitivity training

Answer 46

Lewin

Question 47

Psychoanalytic psychologist who focused on individual, inferiority feelings, style of life, will to power

Answer 47

Adler

Question 48

Movement that followed logical positivism, used triangulation, avoided pseudoproblems

Answer 48

operationism