Week 1 lec - a fuck load of terminology Flashcards

1
Q

define aetiology

A

cause of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is pathogenic degeneration (& metabolic)?

A

deterioration of cells or tissues in response to, or failure to adapt to a variety of agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of lesions due to excessive secretion of a cell product

A

nasal mucus, hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a sign is?

A

objective findings detectable via senses, instruments, tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define manifestations

A

morphological, functional & clinical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

example of primary vs secondary stages

A

primary tumour is initial site from which cancer cells travel to cause secondary tumours in other tissues or organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

list 4 functional abnormalities which can result in lesions

A

–excessive secretion of a cell product
–insufficient secretion of a cell product
–impaired nerve conduction
–impaired contractility of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pathogenic classifications of acquired diseases

A
  • haemodynamic
  • growth disorders
  • injury & disordered repair
  • disordered immunity
  • metabolic & degenerative disorders
  • inflammatory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

epidemiology, the study of pathology of populations allows us to?

A

identify causes and modes of acquisition of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a congenital disease can be ______ or non-_____

A

genetic genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

secondary disease means

A

complication or manifestation of an underlying lesion -e.g. secondary hypertension may be a consequence of renal artery stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

exaple of lesion due to rupture of a hollow viscus

A

aneurism, intestinal perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a symptom is?

A

felt and described by patient, subjective abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a lesion?

A

a structural or functional abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cause of prolonged effects of disease

A

if host has impaired capacity for defence, repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mortality is?

A

probability of death –e.g. 50% of all those presenting with disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a pathogenic immune reaction?

A

undesirable effects of the body’s immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

example of lesion caused by deposition of excessive or abnormal material in an organ

A

amyloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Categories of causalagents:

A

– genetic abnormalities
– infective agents
– chemicals
– radiation
– mechanical trauma
– socio-economic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define complications & sequelae

A

secondary effects of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define prognosis

A

outcome

22
Q

cause vs agent of tuberculosis?

A

– caused by poverty, social deprivation, malnutrition

– the agentis the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis

23
Q

three characteristics of chronic disease

A

–prolonged course of months or years
–often insidious onset
–may follow an initial acute episode

24
Q

characteristic of benign tumours?

A

remain localised within tissue of origin & rarely lethal

25
Q

primary disease means?

A

without evident cause e.g. primary hypertension has no apparent cause

26
Q

example of lesion due to obstruction to normal flow

A

asthma, vascular occlusion

27
Q

examples of lesions due to insufficient secretion of a cell product

A

insulin in DM

28
Q

define epidemiology

A

incidence, prevalence, pop’n distrib’n

29
Q

pathogenesis (disease mechanisms) may not occur immediately after exposure, but during periods of…?

A

– latency (carcinogenesis) or
– incubation (infectious diseases)

30
Q

morbidity is?

A

sum of the disease’s effects upon pa’ –e.g. breathlessness after heart attack (MI)

31
Q

what haemodynamic pathogenesis

A

shock, ischaemia

32
Q

if cause unknown, disease is classified as:

A

primary, idiopathic, essential, spontaneous or cryptogenic

33
Q

define pathogenesis

A

mechanism of disease

34
Q

what could cause distant effects of a disease

A

spread of infective agent

35
Q

examples of symptoms

A
  • fatigue
  • nausea
  • pain
  • malaise
  • fever
  • altered bowel habits
  • SOB
36
Q

example of lesion due to abnormally sited tissue due to: metastasis, invasion, abnormal devep’t

A

tumours

37
Q

what is carcinogenesis?

A

growth disorders - the mechanism by which carcinogenic agents produce tumours

38
Q

examples of signs

A
  • sight (rash, pupil dilation)
  • taste (sweet urine)
  • hearing (heart beat)​
  • ​smell (ketoacidosis)
  • touch (pulse, swollen lymph nodes)
  • blood pressure
  • LFTs
39
Q

a nosocomial disease is?

A

acquired as consequence of hospital stay

40
Q

a Iatrogenic disease is?

A

attributable to practitioner’s actions

41
Q

examples of malignant (severe) hypertension

A

headaches, blindness, renal failure, cerebral haemorrhage

42
Q

two characteristics of acute disease?

A

–rapid onset

–often rapid resolution

43
Q

example of secondary effect of disease

A

tumours

44
Q

example of a space occupying lesion

A

tumours

45
Q

here is a really good picture which you should probably learn

A
46
Q

what is normal health?

A

most frequent state in a population defined by age, gender, ethnicity etc

47
Q

example of benign (mild) hypertension

A

insidious tissue injury

48
Q

pathogenic inflammation is a response to…

A

many microbes & other harmful agents causing tissue damage

49
Q

example of lesion due to loss of healthy tissue

A

ulceration or infarction

50
Q

malignant tumours

A

spread or metastasise & usually lethal

51
Q
A