NEP + New World Flashcards
When was. the Tenth Party Congress?
8-16 March 1921
What were the most pressing concerns that lead to the NEP?
Pacifying workers greivances and finding an incentive for the peasantry to produce more grain.
What did the NEP entail?
Grain requisitioning was abandoned and replaced by a ta in kind. Peasants could keep surplus and sell their produce. Famine devastated areas were exempt from the new year. Tax in kind remained until 1924 until it was replaced by tax in money.
Markets and private trading were legalised. Foreign trade resumes. Trade agreement signed with Britain in 1922.
Rationing and distribution of food by the government was phased out, as well as other free public transport.
New currency introduced, inflation bought under control.
Militarised aspects of workplace conditions were abandoned.
Which sectors remained government enterprises under the NEP?
Banking, transport sector, and heavy industries such as mining and metallurgy. Return to State Capitalism.
Who led the Workers Opposition? What did they stand for?
Alexandra Kollontai, Aleksander Shylyapnikov. Critical of placing non-Communist experts in charge of factories, called for greater involvement of the proles in running of industry, control over economy should be handed over to an authority elected and directed by the trade unions, concerns over increasing bureaucratisation.
Argued NEP was a surrender to peasantry, argued Bolsheviks were loosing touch with their supporters.
How did Lenin respond to opponents to the NEP?
Accused those who called for union control of the economy were anarcho-syndicalists.
Said they were too idealistic to be taken seriously.
What were impacts of the NEP?
Strikes dramatically reduced from 1922, Countryside makes considerable advances, grain production rose to similar levels of 1903-13, livestock surpassed pre-war levels, crop diversity increases, rural sector began to produce more than the manufacturing sector.
What was the electricity output in Russia (million kilowatts) in 1913?
What was it in 1924? What was it in 1926?
1945
1562
3508
How many gold roubles had been invested in the electrification program?
One billion
What was the scissors crisis?
Factories struggled to produce sufficient amounts of goods while country increased output
Price remained high for manufactured goods, grain became cheaper.
This was feared peasantry would be reluctant to trade, using reduction in crops.
How was the scissors crisis solved?
Price controls in the industrial and manufacturing sectors.
When had formal bans on Mensheviks and SRs been removed respectively? What was the result?
November 1918
February 1919
Some members had taken posts in administration.
What led to a crackdown on Mensheviks and SRs?
Supported the 1921 strikes in Petrograd and Moscow.
How many Red soldiers went to Tambov? Who was defeated there?
50,000
Aleksandr Antonov
When had the last of the Green movements been stamped out?
August 1921
