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Year 3 Gp 2 > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

How is varicella zoster spread?

A

Transmitted by droplet spread

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2
Q

What happens when varicella zoster reactivates?

A

Reactivation is dermatomal and leads to shingles

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3
Q

How do you treat varicella zoster?

A

Oral acyclovir is given within 48 hours of rash
Paracetemol isn’t recommended- can cause skin problems in rare cases
Taking baths, calamine lotions, loose clothing
Paracetemol
Keep children away from pregnant women

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4
Q

How does varicella zoster present?

A 
Itchy fluid filled blisters which turn into scabs 
Fever 
Loss of appetite 
Headache 
Tiredness
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5
Q

Wha are some complications of varicella zoster?

A 
Ramsay hunt syndrome 
Thrombocytopenic 
Sepsis 
Encephalitis 
Foetal abnormalities in pregnant women 
Dehydration
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6
Q

What is measles?

A

Paramyxovirus spread from person to person through droplets in air
It is a vaccine preventable disease
Once inside your body, the virus multiplies in the back of your throat and lungs before your whole body

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7
Q

How do you treat measles?

A

Make sure your child is getting plenty of rest and plenty of fluids (warm drinks)
Paracetemol
Petroleum jelly around lips to protect skin
Wash eyelids with warm water

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of measles

A

The 3 C’s: conjunctivitis, coryza, cough
Red blotchy Maculopapular rash
Koplik spots

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9
Q

What aid the MMR vaccine?

A

Protects against mumps, measles and rubella

Injection at 12 to 13 months and 40 months

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10
Q

What is mumps?

A

Contagious viral infection, most common in children aged 5-15
Recognised by the painful swellings at the side of the face (enlarged parotid glands)
Another paramyxovirus

Can sometimes spread into the CSF fluid and affect the brain, pancreas and testes!!!

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11
Q

What is a complication of mumps for boys?

A

Orchitis

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12
Q

What would you recommend to someone with mumps

A 
Bed rest 
OTC pain relief 
Fluids, avoid acidic drinks 
Apply cold compress to swollen glands 
Eat foods that don’t require chewing
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of mumps

A 
Pain and tenderness when swallowing 
Unwell 
High temp 
Discomfort when eating 
Headache 
Joint pain
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14
Q

How is mumps spread?

A

Coughing and sneezing

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15
Q

What is croup?

A

Viral infection causing swelling of the trachea, bronchi and vocal chords, the swallowing makes the airway narrower

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16
Q

What does croup present with?

A

Distinctive barking cough and stridor

17
Q

What may a child have symptoms of before croup?

A

Cold
A runny nose, sore throat, fever and irritability
Harsh, barking cough

18
Q

When should you seek medical help?

A 
Your child has difficulty breathing 
Noisy breathing 
Effort of breathing  is tiring child 
Floppy 
Child can’t swallow
19
Q

What is colic defined as?

A

Crying for 3 or more hours a day, 3 or more days a week, for 3 or more weeks

20
Q

What are the causes of colic?

A

Digestive system that isn’t fully developed
Imbalance of healthy bacteria in the digestive tract
Food allergies or intolerances
Overfeeding, underfeeding, infrequent burping
Etccccc

21
Q

What is the treatment for colic

A

Rubbing your infants tummy
Warm bath
Dimming lights and limiting other visual stimulation
Taking infant for a car ride or on a wal,k
Trial a diet
Feeding practises

22
Q

What is whooping cough (pertussis)

A

A highly infectious bacteria, infection of the lungs passed on through close personal contact, sneezing and coughing

23
Q

Can whooping cough be prevented?

A

Yes a series of injections is used (5)

24
Q

What complications may a child with whooping cough develop?

A

Bruised/cracked ribs
Abdominal hernias
Broken blood vessels in the skin or whites of your eyes

In infants- pneumonia, slowed or stopped breathing, dehydration or weight loss

25
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Common lung infection in young children and infants
It causes inflammation and congestion in the bronchioles of the lung
CAused by a virus
Peaks during winter months

26
Q

What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A

Very similar to cold
Many infants will also have otitis media
Week of difficulty breathing and wheezing

27
Q

How do you treat bronchiolitis?

A

Supportive
OraL corticosteroid
Saline nose drops to ease congestion
Humidity air

28
Q

How do you diagnose food allergies in kids?

A

Skin prick test- develop a raised bump (hive) if allergic

Specific IgE blood testing

29
Q

What is atopy?

A

Genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases

Triad of- hay fever, asthma, eczema

30
Q

What is atopic dermatitis?

A

Condition that makes your skin red and itchy
May be sccompanied by asthma or hay fever- allergy is often tested
Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare periodically

31
Q

When is urgent care needed stitch a fever in a child?

A 
Not responding to your voice 
Losing consciousness or having a seizure 
Floppy or drowsy 
Vomiting 
Ongoing headaches 
Ongoing tummy pain 
Stiff neck 
Not passing urine 
Not taking fluids well 
Travelled 
UNDER 3 MONtHS straight to A and E
32
Q

What advice could you give for a parent who’s child has a cold?

A

Saline nose drops
Increasing fluids
Paracetemol

33
Q

What are some differentials for a cough in a child?

A

Croup
Asthma
Whooping cough

34
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Highly contagious skin infection causing sores and blisters

35
Q

What is impetigo caused by?

A

Staphylococcus or streptococcus

36
Q

What is impetigo treated with?

A

Topicalfusidic acid

37
Q

How should you prevent impetigo spreading?

A

Avoid touching sores
Wash hands regularly
Don’t share face cloths, sheets, towels
Keep children out of nursery

38
Q

What are the complications of impetigo?

A

Lymphadenitis

Cellulitis

Year 3 Gp 2 (9 decks)

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