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ECG > ECG Basics > Flashcards

ECG Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 5-step approach to reading an ECG?

A

Rate, rhythm, axis, hypertrophy, infarct/ischemia

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2
Q

During the resting state, cardiac cells are ______.

A

polarized

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3
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A
  • 90mV
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4
Q

What is the difference between depolarization and repolarization?

A 
depolarization = cells go from - to +
repolarization = cells go from + to -
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5
Q

In order for an action potential to fire, the ______ must be met.

A

Threshold

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6
Q

What is the voltage of the threshold for an action potential?

A

-55 mV

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7
Q

Action potentials are due to fluxes in which 3 ions?

A

Na+, Ca2+, K+

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8
Q

How many phases are in an action potential? Please name them from first-to-last.

A

4, 0, 1, 2, 3

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9
Q

T/F: Phase 4 is the resting phase.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Which phase of an action potential is the rapid depolarization phase?

A

0

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11
Q

The plateau phase is called phase ____.

A

2

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12
Q

Which node primarily determines HR?

A

SA node

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13
Q

The left bundle branch has 3 branches in total. What are they?

A

left anterior fascicle, left posterior fascicle, septal fascicle

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14
Q

Define automaticity.

A

The ability for certain cells of the heart to undergo spontaneous depolarization.

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15
Q

There is a hierarchy of automaticity with the tissue of the heart. The dominant pacemaker is the one with _________.

A

Greatest degree of automaticity (the fastest)

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16
Q

What is the spontaneous depolarization rates of the SA node, AV node, and ventricular myocardium?

A

60-100, 40-60, 20-40

17
Q

The septum depolarizes from ____ to ____.

A

L -> R

18
Q

From first-to-last, name all the steps of the sequence of conduction system activation.

A

SA node > RA/LA > AV node > Bundle of His > Septum > Bundle Branch > Purkinje Fibers > Myocardium

19
Q

A R’ wave denotes a ______.

A

Second positive deflection.

20
Q

The Q-wave, also called the septal Q-wave, is a result of _________.

A

The septum depolarizing from left to right.

21
Q

When an ECG wave is equally positive and negative this is referred to as _____.

A

isoelectric

22
Q

If the depolarization wave travels perpendicular to the lead, what type of wave should you expect to see?

A

isoelectric

23
Q

An impulse traveling toward a lead will cause a _____ deflection on the QRS.

A

positive

24
Q

The J point indicates what?

A

The end of QRS and beginning of ST segment.

25
Q

Also referred to as the “electrical baseline”, this is called the ____ segment.

A

TP

26
Q

The T-wave represents _________?

A

Ventricular repolarization

27
Q

Conduction via the AV node is represented by the ____ interval.

A

PR

28
Q

T/F: The QT interval represents the beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization

A

TRUE

29
Q

Why is there a delay at the AV node?

A

To allow the ventricles to fill before contraction.

30
Q

What is the standard rate of an ECG paper?

A

25 mm/sec

31
Q

The 1-mV standardization mark is ____ mm tall

A

10

32
Q

On an ECG paper, each small box represents ____ seconds and each 5 small boxes represents ____.

A

0.04 sec, 0.20 sec

33
Q

What are the 3 methods of measuring HR?

A

(# of RR intervals in 6s) x 10 method
300,150,100,75,60,50 method
1500/# small boxes between RR intervals or 300/# big boxes between RR intervals.

34
Q

What is Bazett’s formula?

A

QTc = QT/ (square root RR (s)) ; RR = 60/HR

35
Q

What is the normal range for QTc?

A

.35-.44s (350-440 ms)

36
Q

If HR is ______ the QTc = QT.

A

60

37
Q

What is Bazett’s formula used for?

A

Correct QT interval for HR

ECG (8 decks)

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