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Ear > Anatomy of the Auditory System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Auditory System Flashcards

1
Q

Hardest bone in the human body

A

Bone of cochlea and vestibular labyrinth

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2
Q

Parts of labyrinth (3)

A

Vestibule, Cochlea, SCC

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3
Q

Round window is at which end of the cochlea

A

Basal

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4
Q

Also known as the core of the cochlea, porous bone that allows passage of auditory nerve fibers from the internal auditory meatus to the hair cell synapse

A

Modiolus

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5
Q

Separates cochlear chambers to scala vestibuli, media, tympani

A

Osseous spiral lamina * Also the attachment of the basilar membrane

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6
Q

Area where scalae communicate at the apex of the cochlea

A

Helicotrema

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7
Q

T or F: Widths of spiral lamina and basilar membrane are inversely related

A

T * Spiral lamina wide at base narrow at apex, Basilar membrane wide at apex narrow at base

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8
Q

Bony channel that allows perilymphatic fluid and CSF to communicate in the posterior fossa

A

Cochlear aqueduct

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9
Q

Thickened band of periosteum that serves as medial attachment for the Reissner membrane and gives rise to the tectorial membrane

A

Spiral Limbus

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10
Q

Tectorial membrane is a compliant gelatinous structyre composed of _______fibers.

A

Collagen II

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11
Q

How many rows of cells make up the 1)inner hair cells, 2) outer hair cells

A

1) one, 2) three

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12
Q

This supports the apices of hair cells and forms a barrier from endolymph (which is toxic to hair cells)

A

Reticular lamina

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13
Q

Distinguish perilymph and endolymph based on: 1) composition, 2) location

A

Perilymph (Low Key) : 1) High Na, Low K, 2) CSF/Serum; Endolymph: Low Na, High K, 2) Intracellular

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14
Q

This maintains ionic concentrations of endolymphatic fluid and is responsible for the metabolic environment of the scala media

A

Stria vascularis

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15
Q

Definition of enlarged vestibular aqueduct at 1) midpoint, 2) operculum

A

Larger than 1) 1.5mm, 2) 2mm

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16
Q

Enlarged vestibula aqueduct can lead to this in children, particularly after minor head trauma

A

Sudden, progressive SNHL

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17
Q

Bundles of actin filaments that are stiff hairlike structures that deflect with mechanical diaturbances

A

Stereocilia

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18
Q

Number of 1) inner hair cells in the modiolar side, 2) outer hair cells in the strial side

A

1) 3500, 2) 12000

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19
Q

Side which stereocilia are longest

A

Strial side * Connected stereocilia move as a unit when the longest one is deflected

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20
Q

Shape of 1)inner hair cells, 2) outer hair cells

A

1) flask, 2) cylindrical

21
Q

Contents of 1) inner vs 2) outer hair cells

A

1) organelles like golgi bodies and mitochondria (metabolic activity) , 2) microfilaments and microtubules (motile activity)

22
Q

Sites for presynaptic vesicle docking for subsequent stimulation

A

Synaptic bars

23
Q

1) Type 1 and 2) Type 2 nerve fibers in terms of a) polarity, b) size, c) myelination, d) percentage, e) site of innervation

A

Type 1: a) bipolar, b) large, c) myelinated, d) 95%, e) inner hair cells; Type 2: a) unipolar, b) small, c) un- or myelinated, d) 5%, e) outer hair cells

24
Q

All peripheral auditory information enters the CNS through this site, where initial auditory processing occurs

A

Cochlear nucleus * Located along the floor of the lateral recess of thr 4th ventricle

25
Q

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

A

Role in orienting to sound, potential site for generation of tinnitus

26
Q

Ventral cochlear nucleus

A

Initial processors of auditory nerve information

27
Q

1) Anterior ventral vs. 2) Posterior ventral cochlear nucleus

A

1) large caliber, sound localization; 2) fine, frequency/spectral shape, and sound intensity

28
Q

First auditory center to receive binaural innervation

A

Superior olivary complex

29
Q

Location of the superior olivary complex

A

Pons

30
Q

MedSuperiorOlive vs LatSuperiorOlive: interaural time delays vs intensity differences

A

MSO: interaural time delays; LSO: interaural intensity differences

31
Q

Superior Olivary Complex 1) Ascending pathway is for? 2) Descending pathway is for?

A

1) Sound localization; 2) Cochlear sensitivity or tuning

32
Q

Closely associated with the SOC, this also plays a role in sound localization and processing, also a component of the acoustic startle reflex pathway

A

Lateral lemniscus * Pathways through this correlate with wave III-V of ABR

33
Q

This part receives extensive innervation from higher and lower brain regions

A

Inferior colliculus

34
Q

Location of inferior colliculus

A

Midbrain

35
Q

Sound localization, frequency determination, integration of auditory and nonauditory systems

A

Principal functions of inferior colliculus * Sound localization is also a function of Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus, Anterior ventral cochlear nucleus, Ascending SOC

36
Q

Inferior colliculus is divided into 3 main neuronal groups, namely

A

1) central nucleus, 2) cortex, 3) paracentral nucleus

37
Q

Receives non auditory information from the somatosensory system

A

Paracentral nucleus of inferior colliculus

38
Q

Dominant region, has laminar organization, receives projections frim contralateral cochlear nucleus (direct, monaural), SOC (indirect, bilateral), lateral lemniscus (polysynaptic)

A

Central nucleus of inferior colliculus

39
Q

Innervation is primarily from the forebrain, including primary and secondary auditory cortices

A

Cortex of the inferior colliculus

40
Q

Other interactions of inferior colliculus: 1) associated with saccadic eye movement, 2) multiple auditory and nonauditory cortical structures

A

1) Superior colliculus, 2) Medial geniculate body

41
Q

Portal for all ascending auditory innervation to the telencephalon

A

Medial geniculate body of the thalamus

42
Q

Division of the medial geniculate body: 1) that has tonotopic organization, 2) plays a role in attending to acoustic stimuli, 3) largest, and plays a role in arousal to auditory stimuli

A

1) ventral division, 2) dorsal division, 3) medial division

43
Q

Which lobe of the brain is the human auditory cortex located

A

Temporal lobe

44
Q

Broadman area of 1) primary auditory cortex, 2) secondary auditory cortex

A

1) 41, 2) 42

45
Q

Area for receptive language and is dominant on the left side (Eponym and Broadmann area)

A

Wernicke, Broadmann area 22

46
Q

Cortical regions in the inferior parietal lobe that integrate auditory, somatosensory and visual information (2, name and broadmann area)

A

Angular Gyrus BA 39, Supramarginal Gyrus BA 40

47
Q

Site for expressive language and musical syntax, left hemisphere dominant (eponym and broadmann areas)

A

Broca, Broadmann area 44 and 45

48
Q

Also implicated in tinnitus production

A

Cerebellum * Dorsal cochlear nucleus also implicated in tinnitus production

49
Q

Auditory cortex also projects to (3)

A

Medial geniculate body (cortex), SOC (brainstem), inferior colliculus (midbrain)

Ear (6 decks)

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