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Anatomy > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Name for shoulder joint

A

scapulo-humeral joint

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2
Q

Structure of shoulder joint

A

ball & socket

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3
Q

Function of shoulder joint

A

hinge joint (cursorial specialization)

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4
Q

Joint capsule for scapulo-humeral joint

A

capacious & extends under the tendon of origin of the biceps brachii
thickened laterally & medially into collateral/ glenohumeral ligaments

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5
Q

Ligaments tht keeps biceps brachii tendon in place

A

transverse humeral ligament

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6
Q

Why are large tendons & muscles recruited for stability of the shoulder joint

A

shallow glenoid cavity & weak collateral ligaments

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7
Q

Muscles & tendons that help stabilize the shoulder joint

A

medially: subscapularis & corocobrachialis
laterally: infraspinatus & teres minor
craniomedially: supraspinatus & tendon of biceps brachii

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8
Q

Osteochondriosis dessicans

A

occurs in goldens, labs, Newfoundlands, Bernese Mtn dogs, & mixed breed

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9
Q

Osteroarthritis

A

any breed

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10
Q

Injuries related to shoulder joint

A

medial glenohumeral ligament injury
biceps tendonitis/ tenoynovitis
luxation/ dislocation of the shoulder joint

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11
Q

Although luxation/ dislocation of the shoulder joint is rare, what could cause it

A

injury to suprascapular nerve

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12
Q

Name for elbow joint

A

cubital jont (also a compound joint)

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13
Q

Joints that make up the elbow joint

A

humeroradial joint
humeroulnar joint
radioulnar joint

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14
Q

Joint in elbow that bears most of the weight

A

humeroradial joint

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15
Q

Part of humeroradial joint that bears most of the weight

A

capitulum of the humerus (lateral condyle)

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16
Q

Humeroulnar joint is formed b/w

A

trochlea of the humers (medial condyle)

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17
Q

Is the cubital joint stable

A

yes-> strong collateral ligaments

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18
Q

Ligaments of cubital joint

A 
medial & lateral collateral ligaments
oblique ligaments
olecranon ligament
annular ligament
interrosseus ligament
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19
Q

Medial & lateral collateral ligaments cubital joint

A

medial & lateral epicondyles to radius/ ulna

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20
Q

Oblique ligament

A

cranial to medial

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21
Q

Olecranon ligament

A

caudal, joins medial condyle to olecranon

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22
Q

Annular ligament

A

cranial to radius; stabilizes proximal radioulnar joint

allows for pronation & supination

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23
Q

Interosseus (radioulnar) ligaments

A

cover interosseous space b/w radius & ulna

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24
Q

How does the interosseous ligaments change as the dog ages

A

elastic -> collagen -> ossified tissue

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25
Q

Anconeus muscle

A

covers margins of olecranon fossa of humerus & olecranon

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26
Q

Cubital joint illnesses

A 
joint incongruity
metabolic deficiencies
fragmented coronoid process
un-united/ fragmented anconeal process
luxation/ dislocation of elbow joint
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27
Q

Fragmented coronoid process & un-united/ fragmented anconeal process common in what breeds

A

Goldens, Labs, Newfoundlands, Bernese Mtn dogs, & mixed breeds

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28
Q

Un-united anconeal process is especially common in German Shephards. What is a pre-disposing factor

A

ulnar distal growth injury

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29
Q

When can un-united anconeal proces be diagnosed

A

after 24 weeks

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30
Q

How would luxation/ dislocation of the elbow joint occur

A

forced medial impact on the forearm or a lateral impact on the arm in a flexed lebow could dislocate the radius & ulna LATERALLY

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31
Q

Does medial luxation of radius & ulna occur

A

RARE

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32
Q

Joints of the carpus

A

antebrachiocarpal joint
middle carpal joint
intercarpl joint
carpometacarpal joint

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33
Q

Antebrachiocarpal joint

A

b/w antebrachial bones & proximal row of carpal bones

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34
Q

Middle carpal joint

A

b/w two rows of carpal bones

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35
Q

Intercarpal joints

A

b/w various carpal bones

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36
Q

Carpometacarpal joint

A

b/w distal row of carpals & metacarpals

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37
Q

Movement of carpus joints

A

occurs mainly at antebrachiocarpal joint & middle carpal joints

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38
Q

Approach for intra-articular injection

A

antebrachiocarpal & middle carpal joints

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39
Q

Ligaments of the carpus important features

A

different ligaments coverthe whole carpus & restrict movement on the median plan
short collateral ligamens span the entire region

40
Q

Flexor retinaculum on the palmar aspect helps to form what

A

carpal canal

41
Q

Ligaments attach the accessory carpal bone to what

A

metacarpal IV & V

42
Q

Rows of carpal bones & synovial fluid in joints helps to do what

A

diffuse concussion

important for when dogs/ cats jump from a height

43
Q

Palmar seasmoids helps stabilize what

A

metacarpophalangela joint

44
Q

Joints of the pelvic girdle

A

sacroiliac & pelvic symphsysis

45
Q

Sacroiliac joint made of

A

combines synovial & cartilaginous (synchondrosis) joint

46
Q

Pelvic symphysis made of

A

fibrocartilage (synchrondosis)

47
Q

Combination of fibrocartilage & joint capsule of sacroiliac joint do what

A

provides a firm attachment b/w the bones w/ little movement & offers efficient shock absorption

48
Q

Ligaments of pelvic girdle

A 
dorsal & ventral sacroiliac ligaments
sacrotuberous ligament (only in dogs)
49
Q

Where does sacrotuberous ligament go

A

runs from caudo-lateral aspect of the sacrum & the first caudal vertebra to the ischiatic tuberosity
forms caudo-dorsal border of lesser ischiatic foramen

50
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament is the origin for what muscles

A

biceps femoris, superficial gluteus, priformis, & tenuissimus muscles

51
Q

Clinical relevance of sacroiliac joint

A

may become disarticulated due to injury

52
Q

Name for hip joint

A

Coxofemoral joint

53
Q

Structure of hip joint

A

true ball-&-socket joint (enarthosis) allowing for a considerable range of movements

54
Q

Acetabulum has an acetabular lip that has what

A

band of fibrocartilage around its rim

55
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

extesnion of acetubalr lip that covers the acetabulr notch

56
Q

Ligament of the head of the femur/ round ligament of the hip

A

attaches b/w fovea capitis of femur to the acetabular fossa

57
Q

Stability of coxofemoral joint

A

from the depth & extent of acetabulum plus the round ligament of the hip

58
Q

Postion of hip determined by

A

greater trochanter

59
Q

In a luxated/ dislocated hip joint, what happens

A

strong pull of deep gluteal muscle takes the greater trochanter craniodrosal to the acetabulum
hence, luxated limb appears shorter

60
Q

Do not call it “hip luxation”; instead say

A

luxation of the head of the femur or dislocation of the hip joint

61
Q

Name for the knee joint

A

stifle joint

62
Q

Joints that make up the stifle joint

A

femorotibial joint
femoropatellar joint
femorofabellar joint
tibofibular joint

63
Q

Femorotibial joint

A

medial & lateral fibrocartilaginous menisci b/w femoral & tibial condyles

64
Q

Ligaments of the femorotibial joint

A 
cranial & caudal ligaments
meniscofemoral ligaments
intermeniscal ligament
collateral ligaments
cruciate ligaments
65
Q

Meniscofemoral ligament cranial or caudal

A

caudal

66
Q

Intermeniscal ligament cranial or caudal

A

cranial

67
Q

How do the menisci & tibia move in relation to one another during joint extension

A

menisci- caudally

tibia- cranially

68
Q

Cranial (lateral) cruciate ligament

A

runs from caudomedial side of lateral femoral condyle, craniodistally to intercondyloid eminence of tibia

69
Q

Caudal (medial) cruciate ligament

A

runs from medial condyle of femur, craniodistally to the caudomedial aspect of the popliteal notch on the tibia

70
Q

How might the cranial (lateral) cruciate ligament rupture

A

upon extreme extension or inward rotation of the stifle joint; “cranial drawer”

71
Q

How might the caudal (medial) cruciate ligament rupture

A

upon flexion of the stifle joint; “caudal drawer”

72
Q

Cruciate ligaments tighten on inward rotation of the stifle on the femur & assist the collateral ligaments in what

A

limiting the joints movement

73
Q

Femoropatellar joint

A

patella slides on teh femoral trochlea

74
Q

“Patellar ligament” is a continuation of what that connects to the tibial tuberosity

A

Quadriceps femoris

75
Q

Medial & lateral femoropatellar ligaments

A

connect the fabellae w/ the periosteum of the femoral condyles

76
Q

Medial & lateral parapatellar fibrocartilages extend proximally over

A

dorsal border patella

77
Q

Femorofabellar joint

A

formed b/w femoral condyles & fabella

78
Q

Collateral femoropatellar ligaments

A

connect w/ femoral condyle & patella

79
Q

Lateral fabella & tendon serve as an important site of anchorage for stifle joint stabilization during

A

cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction

80
Q

Tibofibular proximal joint

A

b/w head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia

81
Q

Tibofibular distal joint

A

b/w distal lateral surface of the tibia & lateral malleolus of the fibula

82
Q

Tibofibular joint is fused how

A

short ligaments b/w bones & an interosseus ligament

83
Q

Menisci compensate for what

A

incrongruent articular surfaces b/w femur & tibia/fibula

84
Q

Joint capsule of stifle joint

A

all 4 joints share an extensive joint capsule

85
Q

Approach for intra-articular injection

A

single site

86
Q

Where is the stifle joint capsule

A

extends proximally under the patella, tendons of popliteus, Long Digital Extensor, fabellae, & tibiofibular joint

87
Q

Clinical relavance of luxation of the patella

A

causes limb to be carried in an extended position

88
Q

How does luxation of the patella occur

A

pull of Quadriceps glides patella over the femoral trochlea. If the pull of the Quadriceps does not coincide w/ the axis of the femoral trochlea, luxation occurs

89
Q

Patella is commonly luxated where

A

over medial trochlear ridge

90
Q

Ligametns of the tarsal joint

A 
medial & lateral collateral ligaments
transverse ligaments (extensor retinacula)
long plantar ligament
91
Q

Medial collateral ligament

A

from medial malleolus of tibia to metatarsal II

92
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A

from lateral malleolus of tibia to metatarsal V

93
Q

Proximal transvere ligament (extensor retinaculum)

A

holds the tendons of long digital extensor, extesnor hallucis longus, & the cranial tibial

94
Q

Distal transverse ligament (extensor retinaculum)

A

holds the tendons of long digital extensor

95
Q

Long plantar ligament

A

attaches the tuber calcaneus to the 4th tarsal & the 4th/5th metatarsal

96
Q

Long plantar ligament may rupture due to

A

over flexion of the hock or excessive strain

results in hock extension being lost

97
Q

What runs over long plantar ligament

A

superficial digital flexor

Anatomy (5 decks)

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