9.2

Question 1

Sensory memory

Answer 1

information taken in by our sensory receptors
=> lots of info is processed by our sensory memory, however they are only processed to the STM if we pay attention to it!

=> alike STM, the info remains for brief periods (a second or less)

Question 2

name of the multi-store memory model?

Answer 2

Atkinson-Shiffrin’s model of memory (1968)

Question 3

sensory info is translated into several types of codes or representations. what are they?

Answer 3

representation: mental model of a part of info that exists, even when the info is no longer available

visual/iconic codes: temp storage of info related to visual images

Haptic codes: process touch and other body senses

Acoustic/echoic codes: sounds and words

Question 4

Short term memory

Answer 4

• second stage
• small amount (capacity) in limited amt of time (duration)
• 7±2 items that we can process

Question 5

how do we transfer info to LTM to prevent the loss of it (forgetting)?

Answer 5

rehearsal

=> however, if our attention is diverted during rehearsal, that incoming info pushes the new incoming bits of data
=> brief duration ensures room is freed as there is regular incoming info

Question 6

How do we expand our capacity for info in STM?

Answer 6

• chunking.
• frees up space by grouping similar or meaning info together

Question 7

What is the working memory?

Answer 7

Proposed by Baddeley, an extension of STM that includes the active manipulation of MULTIPLE TYPES of info simultaneously
=> ppl can manage 2 STM tasks at the same time

Question 7

your friend is telling you her phone number and you repeat it to yourself to remember it

Answer 7

Phonological loop: responsible for verbal and auditory info
- phonological store: inner ear
- articulatory process: inner voice (rehearses words)

Question 8

You describe to your friend how to go to your favourite froyo place

Answer 8

Visuospatial sketch pad
- visual cache: visual data e.g. color
- inner scribe: arrangement of objects

Question 9

Central executive

Answer 9

organization of information
- determines info, does not do a lot of work

Question 10

episodic buffer

Answer 10

interaction between working memory and longterm memory
=> provides mechanism for combining info stored in LTM

Question 11

Longterm memory

Answer 11

• has few limitations
• unlimited storage capacity (so far)
• info can last a lifetime
  => location of permanent memories

Question 12

rehearsal for LTM

Answer 12

• maintenance: simple repetition of material
• elaborative rehearsal: linking new material to things already known (this is more effective)

Question 13

Levels of processing theory

Answer 13

depth of processing applied to info that predicts its ease of retrieval
=> we can attend to various levels of detail
=> encoding words according to meaning is easier to remember because significance/meaning produces a deeper level of attention and processing