9.2 Cellular Respiration Flashcards
(19 cards)
During glycolysis, 1 molecule of glucose (a 6 carbon compound) is transformed into:
2 molecules of pyruvic acid, which is a 3-carbon compound
As the bonds in glucose are broken and rearranged, what is released?
energy
The cell gets a net gain of _____ for each molecule of glucose in glycolysis
2 ATP molecules
The process of glycolysis is very _____, so it can be a big advantage when the _____ of a cell suddenly increase
fast; energy demands
______ does not require oxygen so it can quickly supply chemical energy to cells when________
glycolysis; oxygen is not avaliable
Explain Glycolysis:
2 ATP molecules are invested to get the process of glycolysis going. Overall, 4 ATP molecules are produced.
4 high energy electrons are passed to the carrier NAD+ to produce NADH, which carries those electrons to the electron transport chain
FAD and FADH are similar to:
NAD+ and NADH
What are the products of the Krebs Cycle, and what happens to each one?
CO2 produced is not useful and is expelled; ATP becomes immediately available to power cellular activities, carrier molecules (NADH, FADH2), in the presence of oxygen, the electrons they hold are used to generate large amounts of ATP
Give a short summary of what the Krebs cycle does:
Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is used to make CO2, NADH, ATP, and FADH2.
Because glycolysis produces 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, the Krebs cycle turns __________
twice for each glucose molecule
Describe the citric acid production part of the Krebs cycle:
Pyruvic acid reacts to form Acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. In the process, a molecule of CO2 is produced, and 2 high-energy electrons are passed to NAD+ to produce NADH. Then Acetyl-CoA combines with a 4-carbon compound in the Krebs cycle to produce citric acid
Explain the energy extraction part of the Krebs Cycle:
Through a series of many reactions, citric acid is broken down into a 5-carbon compound, and then a 4-carbon compound (releasing 2 Co2 molecules in the process). this 4 carbon compound can then start the cycle over again by combining with Acetol-CoA. Energy released by the breaking and rearranging of carbon bonds in captured in the form of ATP, NADH, FADH2.
What is the order of products released in the energy extraction portion of the Krebs cycle
Co2 and NADH (6 carbons to 5 carbons), Co2 and NADH (5 carbons to 4 carbons),
ATP then FADH2 then NADH (4 carbon going back to repeat the cycle)
The electron transport chain uses ________ from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP
high energy electrons
Each pair of high energy electrons that moves down the full length of the electron transport chain provides enough energy to produce _________
3 molecules of ATP
What happens during the electron transport part of the electron transport chain?
High-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed from carrier to carrier down the electron transport chain. Water is formed when oxygen accepts the electrons in combination with hydrogen ions. Energy generated by the electron transport chain is used to move H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane and into the intermembrane space
What happens during the ATP production part of the electron transport chain?
H+ ions pass back across the mitochondrial membrane through ATP synthase, causing the base of the synthase to rotate, generating ADP from ATP.
Together glycolysis, the krebs cycle and etc, realse about ______ molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
36-38
complex carbs broken down into glucose, lipids, proteins are broken down into molecules that enter:
the Krebs cycle or glycolysis at different stages.
