Grammatik Flashcards

1
Q

Konjugation von ‘haber’ in present time
‘h’ wird nicht ausgesprochen!!
is used only together with the simple past tense
he visto (ich habe gesehen)

A
he
has
ha
hemos
habéis
han
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2
Q

verbs with irregular forms of 1st person singular that do not follow any rule

A

poner -> pongo, pones,… to put, to place
caer -> caigo, caes,… to fall
destruir -> destruyo, destrues,… to destroy
hacer -> hago, haces,… to do, to make
saber -> sé, sabes,… to know something
salir -> salgo, sales,… to leave
traer -> traigo, traes,… to bring
valer -> valgo, vales,… to be worth
ver ->. veo, ves,… to see

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3
Q

rules for verbos irregulares en la prima persona

A
  1. for verbs that end in -cer and -cir , change the ‘c’ to ‘zc’ for the yo form: conocer -> conozco
  2. for verbs that end in -ger and -gir, change the ‘g’ to ‘j’ for the yo form (no change in pronounciation)
  3. for verbs that end in ‘-guir’, change the ‘gu’ to ‘g’ for the yo form: seguir -> sigo
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4
Q

Konjugation von ‘poder’ in present time
to be able to, can
können

A
puedo
puedes
puede
podemos
podéis
pueden
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5
Q

pronoun for emphasis only (example: gustar)

A
a mi me gusta la escuela
a ti te gusta .....
a él/ella/usted le gusta ....
a nosotros nos gusta...
a vosotros os gusta...
a ellos/ellas/ustedes les gusta...
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6
Q

Konjugation von ‘estar’ in present time
to be
sein
short duration

A
estoy
estás
está
estamos
estáis
están
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7
Q

Konjugation von ‘tener’ in present time
haben
to have

A
tengo
tienes
tiene
tenemos
tenéis
tienen
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8
Q

Konjugation von ‘hacer’ in present time
to make, to do
machen

A
hago
haces
hace
hacemos
hacéis
hacen
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9
Q

Die Regeln für unregelmässige Verben in present tense

A
  1. ein Vokal aendert sich (cambio de radical)
    o->ue
    e->ie
    e->i (nur fuer Verben die auf ‘ir enden)
    Stamm ändert sich nicht in 1. und 2. Person plural
  2. erste Person singular ändert sich; Rest ist regulär (verbos irregulares en la primera persona)
  3. Verben mit irregulärer Konjugation (verbos esenciales: ser, estar, haber, tener, ir, tener, querer, poner)
  4. Verben die nur in der dritten Person verwendet werden (zb gustar: gusta, gustan
  5. Verb, das sich nicht aendert: hay
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10
Q

Konjugation der Verben auf ‘i’ in Gegenwart (present time) -ir

A
  • o
  • es
  • e
  • imos
  • ís
  • en
yo vivo
tú vives
él/ella/ usted  vive
nosotros vivimos
vosotros vivís
ellos/ellas/ustedes viven
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11
Q

Konjugation der Verben auf ‘a’ in Gegenwart (present time) -ar

A
  • o llamo
  • as llamas
  • a llama
  • amos llamamos
  • áis llamaís
  • an llaman
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12
Q

verbos reflexivos

A
most common in verbs that end on -ar; less common on verbs that end on -er and -ir
example:
(yo) me llamo
(tú) te llamas
(él, ella, usted) se llama
(nosotros) nos llamos
(vosotros) os llamáis
(ellos, ellas, ustedes) se llaman
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13
Q

Konjugation von ‘querer’ in present time
to want
wollen, mögen

A
quiero
quieres
quiere
queremos
queréis
quieren
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14
Q

Konjugation der Verben auf ‘e’ in Gegenwart (present time) -er

A
  • o
  • es
  • e
  • emos
  • éis
  • en
yo vendo
tú vendes
él/ella/ usted vende
nosotros vendemos
vosotros vendéis
ellos/ellas/ustedes venden
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15
Q

Konjugation von ‘ser’ in present time
to be
sein
permanent, long duration

A
soy
eres
es
somos
sois
son
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16
Q

Verben, die nur in der dritten Person verwendet werden

A
basta/bastan: to be sufficient/enough to
disgusta/disgustan: to hate
duele/duelen: to be painful/to hurt
encanta/encantan: to 'love', to be enchanting to
falta/faltan: to be lackingto/to be missing to
fascina/fascinan: to be fascinating to
gusta/gustan: to like, to be pleasing to
importa/importan: to be important to
interesa/interesan: to be interesting to
molesta/molestan: to bother
parece/parecen: to seem/ to appear to
sobra/sobran: to be left over/ to be in surplus

whether the verb is singular or plural depends on the object that is talked about
me gusta la escuela/ me gustan las ranas

17
Q

Konjugation von ‘ir’ in present time
to go
gehen

A
voy
vas
va
vamos
vaís
van
18
Q

Besitzanzeigendes Fürwort

A

mi /mis mi casa (mein Haus), mis casas (meine Häuser)
tu /tus tu casa (dein Haus)
su/sus su casa (sein, ihr Haus)
nuestro/a nuestra casa (unser Haus)
vuestro/a vuestra casa (euer Haus)
su/sus sus casas (deren Häuser)