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MB2:Dermatology > Structure and function of skin > Flashcards

Structure and function of skin Flashcards

1
Q

what embryological layer forms epidermis

A

ectoderm - to make periderm

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2
Q

what embryological layer forms dermis

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

what forms melanocytes

A

neural crest

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4
Q

what are Blaschko’s lines

A

pattern of developmental growth of skin cells. it does not follow vessels, nerves or lymphatics

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5
Q

true/false - epidermis is stratified columnar epithelia

A

false - it is stratified squamous epithelia

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6
Q

what is the primary cell type of the epidermis

A

keratinocyte

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7
Q

name 2 examples of where control of cell turnover is lost in the epidermis

A

skin cancer

psoriasis

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8
Q

the basal layer is how many layers thick and is made up of what type of stem cells

A

1 layer thick

cuboidal stem cells

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9
Q

what intercellular junctions do cells in the prickle cell layer contain

A

desmosomes

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10
Q

what is the keratin layer made up of

A

non-nucleated remnants of keratinocytes
keratin
filaggrin

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11
Q

how is the keratin layer waterproof

A

filaggrin binds water
tight intercellular junctions limit diffusion
intercellular lipid bilayer and lipid content repels water

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12
Q

what do keratohyalin granules contain and where are they found

A

keratin and filaggrin

granular layer

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13
Q

what do lamellar bodies contain/secrete

A

lipids and filaggrin

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14
Q

how do melanocytes create colour in the skin?

A

contain melanosomes that travel up dentrites to release melanin to keratinocytes

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15
Q

what is the compound converted to melanin by melanocytes?

A

tyrosine

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16
Q

how does melanin protect basal cells

A

blocks passage of UV radiation from light to basal cells to prevent DNA damage

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17
Q

where are langerhans cells found and what is their function

A

prickle cell layer, dermis and lymph nodes

act as APC, and circulates to lymph node

18
Q

where are merkel cells found and what do they do

A

found between keratinocytes and nerve fibres

mechanoreceptors for touch sensation

19
Q

a hair follicle contains a d___ p___ and what gland?

A

dermal papilla

sebaceous gland

20
Q

what determines hair colour in the follicle

A

melanocyte above dermal papilla

21
Q

describe anagen

A

growth phase that majority of hairs are in

22
Q

describe catagen

A

involuting phase where growth stops and hair clubs ready to fall out

23
Q

describe telogen

A

resting phase where hair falls out

24
Q

what is the function of the cuticle

A

protective barrier for nail to prevent infection

25
Q

describe nail growth

A

nail matrix is made up of stem cells. these replicate and push out keratinocytes that flatten, lose nucleus and become elongated to form shape of nail

26
Q

what is the dermo-epidermal junction and what is its function

A

semi permeable barrier between dermis and epidermis

barrier and support/adhesion for basal cells

27
Q

two types of dermis

A

papillary dermis

reticular dermis

28
Q

what is the dermis made up of

A

ground substance
collagen and elastin
fibroblasts (main cell), langerhans, mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes
muscles, blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

29
Q

deep plexuses run horizontally in the reticular/papillary dermis and superficial plexuses run horizontally in the reticular/papillary epidermis

A

reticular

papillary

30
Q

describe the function of lymphatic vessels of the dermis

A

drains debris, excess interstitial fluid and plasma

allows travel of langerhan cells and lymphocytes for immune surveillance

31
Q

pacinian corpuscles sense?

A

pressure

32
Q

meissners corpuscles sense?

A

vibration

33
Q

function of sebaceous gland?

A

lubricates hair haft, skin and antimicrobial

34
Q

what is the arrector pili muscle controlled by?

A

ANS

35
Q

what hormones alter hair growth?

A

androgens and thyroxine

36
Q

where are sebaceous glands largest and when are they most active

A

head, face, shoulders and upper chest

during puberty as they are hormone sensitive

37
Q

where are apocrine glands found

A

axialla and perineum

38
Q

where are eccrine glands found, what is their function and control?

A

everywhere but mostly hands, feet, hair
thermoregulation - cools by evaporation
control by sympathetic part of ANS

39
Q

functions of the skin?

A 
barrier 
metabolism and synthesis 
communication 
immunity 
sensory 
thermoregulation
40
Q

how does the skin synthesise vitamin D

A

converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3 by UVB

41
Q

What hormone is synthesised from thyroxine by the skin

A

T3

MB2:Dermatology (11 decks)

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