chpt2

Question 1

observation

Answer 1

the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information.

Question 2

hypothesis

Answer 2

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Question 3

prediction

Answer 3

a thing predicted; a forecast.

Question 4

experiment

Answer 4

a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.

Question 5

variable

Answer 5

A variable is a quantity that may change within the context of a mathematical problem or experiment. Typically, we use a single letter to represent a variable. The letters x, y, and z are common generic symbols used for variables.

Question 6

experimental group

Answer 6

noun. (in an experiment or clinical trial) a group of subjects who are exposed to the variable under study: a lower infection rate in the experimental group that received the vaccine.

Question 7

control group

Answer 7

A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable. This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control measurements and the other

Question 8

data

Answer 8

Data are characteristics or information, usually numerical, that are collected through observation. In a more technical sense, data are a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables about one or more persons or objects, while a datum is a single value of a single variable

Question 9

correlation

Answer 9

in statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data. In the broadest sense correlation is any statistical association, though it commonly refers to the degree to which a pair of variables are linearly related.

Question 10

statistics

Answer 10

the practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample.

Question 11

mean

Answer 11

There are several kinds of mean in mathematics, especially in statistics. For a data set, the arithmetic mean, also called the expected value or average, is the central value of a discrete set of numbers: specifically, the sum of the values divided by the number of values

Question 12

distribution

Answer 12

the action of sharing something out among a number of recipients.

Question 13

probability

Answer 13

the extent to which something is probable; the likelihood of something happening or being the case.

Question 14

sample

Answer 14

In statistics and quantitative research methodology, a sample is a set of individuals or objects collected or selected from a statistical population by a defined procedure. The elements of a sample are known as sample points, sampling units or observations

Question 15

risk

Answer 15

n simple terms, risk is the possibility of something bad happening. Risk involves uncertainty about the effects/implications of an activity with respect to something that humans value, often focusing on negative, undesirable consequences. Many different definitions have been proposed

Question 16

model

Answer 16

a three-dimensional representation of a person or thing or of a proposed structure, typically on a smaller scale than the original.

Question 17

conceptual model

Answer 17

A conceptual model is a representation of a system, made of the composition of concepts which are used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject the model represents. It is also a set of concepts.

Question 18

mathematical model

Answer 18

A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in the natural sciences and engineering disciplines, as well as in non-physical systems such as the social sciences

Question 19

value

Answer 19

In economics, economic value is a measure of the benefit provided by a good or service to an economic agent. It is generally measured relative to units of currency, and the interpretation is therefore “what is the maximum amount of money a specific actor is willing and able to pay for the good or service”?

Question 20

decision-making model

Answer 20

All people need to make decisions from time to time. Given limited time in formulating policies and addressing public problems, public administrators must enjoy a certain degree of discretion in planning, revising and implementing public policies. In other words, they must engage in decision-making.