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Topic 6 geo > 6.4 > Flashcards

6.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Energy Sources

A

Those consumed in their raw form

e.g fossil fuels

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2
Q

Secondary Energy Sources

A

Primary sources can be used to generate electricity, which is a secondary source

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3
Q

Domestic Energy Sources

A

Energy produced by country

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4
Q

Foreign (overseas) Energy Sources

A

Energy produced outside country

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5
Q

Renewable Energy Sources

A

Continuous flows of nature which can be reused

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6
Q

Non-Renewable Energy Sources

A

Finite energy sources

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7
Q

Recyclable Resources

A

Resources which can be re-processed to re-make the product again

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8
Q

Energy Mix

A

Refers to combination of various primary energy sources

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9
Q

Energy Security

A

Being able to access reliable and affordable energy sources

domestic and from friendly countries

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10
Q

Energy Insecurity

A

Where countries have an interrupted supply of energy or cannot afford to provide energy

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11
Q

Energy Pathway

A

Route taken, by any form of energy, from its source to point of consumption

Routes involve different forms of transport, such as pipeline and tanker ships

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12
Q

Chokepoints

A

Narrow sea channel or convergence where key transport routes can easily be disrupted

e.g 20% of world’s oil passes through Strait of Hormuz

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13
Q

What happens if chokepoints are threatened or blocked

A

Even temporarily, energy prices can rise quickly

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14
Q

What can cause disruptions to energy pathways

A
  • militant action
  • natural hazards
  • political hazards
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15
Q

What can cause disruptions to energy pathways: natural hazards

A

2013

During stormy winter, UK gas reserves fell to 6hrs worth as storm damage paralysed an import pipeline

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16
Q

What can cause disruptions to energy pathways: militant action

A

Trans Forcados, Efurun-Otor and Escravos pipelines in Nigeria were bombed in 2016 by militants

Resulted in a loss of 300,000 barrels of crude oil a day

17
Q

Who are OPEC

A

Permanent IGO

Members are countries where oil is their main, or only export

OPEC producers control 81% of proven world oil reserves

18
Q

OPEC Role

A

Coordinate and unify petroleum policies of its members ensuring stable oil market to secure:

  • regular supply of petroleum to consumers
  • steady income for producers
  • fair returns for those investing in industry
19
Q

Examples of OPEC work

A

In the past, set oil production quotas to respond to economic condition

Boosting supplies when demand fell and vice versa

20
Q

TNC role in energy

A

explore, exploit and distribute energy resources

They respond to market conditions to secure profits for shareholders

21
Q

TNC in energy example

A

BP and Shell

22
Q

Energy Players

A
  • TNCs
  • OPEC
  • National Gov
23
Q

National gov role in energy

A

Regulating role of private companies and setting environmental priorities

Meeting international obligations, whilst supply sustainable energy for nation and supporting country’s economic growth

24
Q

National gov role in energy example

A

EU gov aim to fulfil CO2 emissions target and reduce fossil fuel dependency

25
Q

What Affects Consumption of Energy

A
  • Physical availability
  • Cost
  • Climate
26
Q

What Affects Consumption of Energy: Physical Availability

A

Are energy recourses available within country or do they have to be imported?

If latter then transport costs add to overall cost of energy to consumer

27
Q

What Affects Consumption of Energy: Cost/Economic Development

A
  • Physical Exploitation (Tech)
  • Processing (converting primary to secondary resources)
  • Delivery to the consumer (transport)
28
Q

What Affects Consumption of Energy: Environmental Priorities

A

Concern for environment

29
Q

What can cause disruptions to energy pathways: political hazards

A

In recent decades, oil and gas been frequent root of international tension and proxy wars have been common

e.g Ongoing Syrian conflict has involved superpowers and their allies during 2010s:

one side, Russia and its Shia non-fundamentalist allies

other, USA and its fundamentalist Sunni allies

Topic 6 geo (19 decks)

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