Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd yr- CSB- Endodontics > Periapical Pathology > Flashcards

Periapical Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What re the periapical tissues made up of?

A
  1. The root of the teeth
  2. The periodontal ligament space
  3. The lamina dura
  4. The alveolar bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the periodontal ligament seen on a radiograph?

A

Seen as a radiolucent line surrounding the roots the tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is the periodontal ligament a hard or soft tissue? What does this suggest about its radiographic presentation

A

It is a soft tissue so appears as a radiolucent line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the Lamina dura represented on a radiographs

A

Seen as a radio opaque line next to the periodontal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is rthe lame dura sen as an opaque Lin eon. radiograph?

A

As it is made up of dense bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe how the periodontal ligament space would look on radiograph of a HEALTHY tooth

A

It would be of even with surrounding the entire tooth surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe how the Lamina dura would look on radiograph of a HEALTHY tooth

A

It would surround the entire root surface n an even width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which two characteristics do we comment on when describing bone?

A
  1. The trabecular pattern

2. Density of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are the characteristics of the manual and maxillary bone the same?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the bone found in the mandible

A

Trabeculae is thick and horizontaly aligned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the bone found in the maxilla

A

trabeculae are finer and there’s no predominant pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the periapical tissues of deciduous teeth

A

1, Circumscribed area of radiolucency at the apex

  1. Theres a radio-opaque line of the Lamina dura that is intact around the radicular papilla
  2. The developing root is funnel shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is one of the big problems when assessing periapical pathology on radiographs?

A

Superimposed shadows may be visible

these can be radiolucent or radio-opaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give examples of some radiolucent shadows that may be present on a periapical radiographs

A
  1. Maxillary antrum
  2. Nasopalatine foramen
  3. Mental foramina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the Nasopalatine foramen

lie in the mouth?

A

Lies in the palette behind the upper central incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the mental foramen lie?

A

Lies inferior to the premolars in the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What effect do radiolucent superimposed shadows have on the presentation of the PDL on a radiograph?

A

The PDL may appear more radiolucent or widened but will still be continuous and well defined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What effect do radiolucent superimposed shadows have on the presentation of the Lamina dura on a radiograph?

A

It may appear LESS obvious or to visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What effect do radiolucent superimposed shadows have on the presentation of the alveolar bone on a radiograph?

A

There may be a radiolucency in he alveolar bone at the apex of the tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give examples of some radio-opaque shadows that may be present on a periapical radiographs

A
  1. Mylohyoid ridge
    2 Body of the zygoma
  2. Areas of sclerotic bone (dense bone islands)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Does the Maxillary antrum appear as radiolucent or rai opaque on a radiograph? why?

A

Radiolucent
As it is filled with air
But the floor of the antrum appears as a curved radiopaque line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What problems can the maxillary antrum present on a radiograph?

A

The floor o the antrum is a radio opaque line that can obstruct the view of the apices of the UL6 and UL7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can hinder the evaluation of the apices of the upper anterior teeth on a radiograph

A

The soft tissue shadow of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does the soft tissue shadow of the nose appear on a radiograph?

A

Appears s a curved radiodensty over the apices of the upper anterior teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What can obscure the apices of the upper firstpre molars on. radiograph?

A

The zygomatic buttress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How does the zygomatic buttress appears a radiograph

A

As a radio opaque hockey shaped line in the posterior region the maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What can obscure the apices of the lower teeth?

A

The mental foramen

28
Q

How is the mental foramen represented on a radiograph?

A

It is superimposed on the lower fives

29
Q

What can obscure the view of the apices of the lower wisdom teeth on a radiograph?

A

The ID canal and the external oblique ridge

30
Q

How does the eternal oblique ridge appear on a radiograph?

A

Appears as a dense line of bone above the lower wisdom teeth

31
Q

List the 5 cardinal sigs of inflammation following plural necrosis

A

1, Swelling

  1. Pain
  2. Loss of function
  3. Heat
  4. Redness
32
Q

Why does swelling occur after pupal necrosis

A

Due to the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the apical PDL

33
Q

What is the type of inflammatory response at the apex dependent on?

A

1, The infecting organism including its virulence

2. The body defence system

34
Q

We can not raiogrpahically differentiate an A_______ , G_____ or C______ from each other

A

Abscess
Granuloma
Cyst

35
Q

Describe the radiographic presentation of initial acute inflammation

A

PDL may widen or there will be no apparent change

36
Q

Describe the radiographic presentation when inflammation begins to spread

A

Loss of radio opaque line of the lamina dura at the apex

37
Q

What can we ee radiographically if a patient has abscess

A

An ill defined radiolucency described as rarefying osteitis ,

38
Q

Will an abscess always be seen on a radiograph?

A

NO it can take 10 days for digraphic appearances to catch up with symptoms

39
Q

Describe the radiographic presentation further spreading of inflammation

A

Area of bone loss sen at Beth tooth apex

Presence of rarefying osteitis

40
Q

What does rarefying osteitis mean?

A

Rarefying= radiolucent
Osteitis= Inflammation of bone
Radiolucent inflammation of bone

41
Q

Describe the radiographic presentation of initial low grade chronic inflammation

A

no apparent bone destruction but dense sclerotic bone can be en around the apex this is called Sclerosing osteitis

42
Q

How might Sclerosing osteitis be seen on a radiograph?

A
  1. May be no radiolucent component

2. May be a halo of Sclerosing osteitis surrounding an area of rarefying osteitis

43
Q

Where is Sclerosing osteitis often seen?

A

Often seen around the roots of lower first molars

44
Q

What symptoms associated with Sclerosing osteitis?

A

Usually asymptomatic

45
Q

What is another name for Sclerosing osteitis?

A

Condensing or focal Sclerosing osteitis

46
Q

Name the two types of inflammatory Periapical pathology

A
  1. Osteolytic

2. Osteosclerotic

47
Q

What does Osteolytic means?

A

Bone has been lost at the apex of the root

48
Q

Is osteolytic inflammatory Periapical Pathology sen in acute of chronic inflammatory reactions

A

SEEn in both:

Relatively acute reactions and relatively chronic reactions

49
Q

What does Osteosclerotic means?

A

Bone is laid down at the apex of the root instead of being lost

50
Q

Is Osteosclerotic inflammatory Periapical Pathology sen in acute of chronic inflammatory reactions

A

Only in chronic responses

51
Q

Describe the radiographic presentation of later stages of chronic inflammation

A

Circumscribed well defined radiolucent areas of boneless are seen at the apex surrounded by sclerotic dense bone

52
Q

What happens in later stages of chronic inflammation?

A

Apical bone isersorbed and destroyed and dense bone is laid down around the area of destruction
Periapical granuloma or radicular cysts can also develop

53
Q

How can you tell the difference between an apical granuloma and a radicular cyst?

A

If <1c, in diameter 2/3 are granulomas
IF 1-1.5 in diameter could be either
If >1.5cmm then 2/3 are cysts

54
Q

Why is hard to differentiate between granulomas and radicular cysts?

A

As both are largely asymptomatic unless secondary infected

Both can be well define and be either corticated or uncortcated

55
Q

Where does most inflammatory pathology manifest itself?

A

Manifests apically as this is the site of inflammatory exudate

BUT
can also manifest lateral to the root if there is a lateral canal or the root canal has been perforated

56
Q

What is the only way to truly differentiate between an apical granuloma and radicular cyst?

A

By looking at histology

57
Q

How may a sinus appear on a radiograph?

A

May be able to see a double dense shadow

58
Q

What is the relationship between chronicity and radiolucency

A

As chronicity increases radiolucencies get more defined and re eventually corticated

59
Q

Other than bone loss and healing what are some other inflammatory changes that can be seen on a radiograph

A
  1. Pupal sclerosis
  2. External root resorption
  3. Internal root resorption
60
Q

What plural sclerosis?

A

Obliteration of the root canal

61
Q

Other than inflammation what else can cause periapical radiolucencies and radio-densities

A
  1. Benign and malignant bone tumours including metatases
  2. Lymphoreticular tumours of bone
  3. Osseous dysplasia
  4. Hypercementosis
62
Q

Give some signs of concern when looking at localised areas of infection

A
  1. Spiking resorption and an irregular radiolucency with a poorly defined border
  2. Tooth mobility in the absence of periodontal disease
  3. Altered sensation or anaesthesia
  4. Signs and symptoms in the presence of good Endodontic treatment
63
Q

Give some factors that affect the diagnosis from a radiograph

A
  1. Radiographic factors such as exposure
  2. Percentage of bone loss
  3. Erosion of cortex
  4. Density of cancellous bone
  5. Size of lesion
  6. Age of lesion
  7. Size of the pathology
64
Q

What type of radiographs do you need before carrying our Endodontic treatment

A
  1. A good quality preoperative paralleling periapical
  2. One good quality paralleling periapical to deter the working length
  3. A midfield radiograph if you are n doubt about the integrity of the apical constriction
65
Q

What type of radiographs do you need after carrying our Endodontic treatment

A

At least one good quality postoperative radiograph to assesses success of the obturation
A Periapical radiograph one year post treatment

66
Q

Which technique is used to take radiographs for endodontic treatment?

A

We use endo ray holders

67
Q

What may you still be Abe to see on a radiograph even f your pedodontic treatment was successful and why?

A

May still be able to a periapical radiolucency because:
Healing may have occurred with fibrous tissue which ay leave residual radiolucency
Surgical defect can increase radiolucency initially

3rd yr- CSB- Endodontics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions