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Human Diseases > 4 Skin Disorders > Flashcards

4 Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary

A

things that cover our body

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2
Q

Integument

A

the natural covering of an organism or organ

e.g. skin, husk, shell, rind

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3
Q

what does the Integumentary System include?

A

Skin (epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue)
Hair
Nails
Associated gland (sweat glands, etc.)

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4
Q

what are the Functions of the Integumentary System?

A 
Regulates temperature
Protects
Sense pain
Aid in excretion
Synthesizes Vitamin D
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5
Q

what are Urea and Uric Acid?

A

Waste products that we want to eliminate from body. They’re sometimes eliminated through skin via sweat

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6
Q

cynosis

A

A blue tint that’s seen when there’s a lack of oxygen

considered a “late” sign of a disease

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7
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, often in eyes, caused by impaired liver function or other conditions in which a person has a bile accumulation

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8
Q

erythema

A

Red
Shows an increase in blood flow and dilation of blood vessels close to the skin’s surface
INFLAMMATION

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9
Q

pallor

A

Pale Skin

Indication of decreased blood flow

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10
Q

hematoma

A

BRUISING
Indicated breakdown or blot in skin

black/bluish=more recent
yellow=as it heals

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11
Q

name some of the Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

A 
Skin Scrapings
[Skin] Cultures
DNA Testing
Antigens or Antibodies
Hypersensitivity Tests
Biopsy
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12
Q

Skin Scrapings

A

when you look at a sample of skin under a microscope

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13
Q

[Skin] Cultures

A

when you take a sample of an open wound and put it under a microscope

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14
Q

DNA Testing

A

take sample of blood/saliva and look for genetic markers

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15
Q

Antigens or Antibodies

A

used to identify the causative agents or organism with an infectious disease

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16
Q

Hypersensitivity Tests

RAST and Skin Prick

A

used to determine if someone’s allergic to something

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17
Q

Biopsy

A

Take sample of tissue and look for cancer cells

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18
Q

name the types of Skin Lesions/Skin Abnormalities

A 
Macule
Wheat/Hives
Papule
Vesicle
Pustule
Ulcer
Pruritus
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19
Q

Macule

A

a freckled, discolored spot

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20
Q

Wheat/Hives

A

Often associated with allergies and localized edema and can be itchy

can be self made→ scratch skin ad localized inflammation happens

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21
Q

Papule

A

Pimple like

A raised area

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22
Q

Vesicle

A

Blister

A fluid filled sac

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23
Q

Pustule

A

a small, elevated lesion that’s filled with pus

Pus is usually present if there’s an infection the body’s trying to control

24
Q

Ulcer

A

an area of skin that has been eroded into the underlying layers of tissue

25
Q

Pruritus

A

It’s associated with lesions

Associated with itchiness

26
Q

name two groups of Infectious Diseases

A

Viral [skin infections]

fungal [skin infections]

27
Q

what diseases does Viral Skin Infections include?

A

Oral Herpes/Herpes Simplex 1 (HSV-1)

Warts

28
Q

what disease does Fungal Skin Infections include?

A

Tinea
Candidiasis
Psoriasis
Pressure Ulcers

29
Q

Oral Herpes
Coldsore
Fever blister

A

Causes cluster of pain fluid-filled vesicles usually around mouth, that may burn or tingle before appearance

Incurable→ outbreaks triggered by stress, infections, sun exposure, impaired immunity

65% of population has it or has been exposed to it

30
Q

what is the “Causative Agent” of Warts?

A

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

31
Q

what’s the scientific name for Warts?

A

Verucca Vulgaris

32
Q

name the Types of Warts

A 
Common warts
Plantar warts
Flat warts
Fillform warts
Periungual warts
33
Q

Common warts

A

rough, grey/brown in color

34
Q

Plantar warts

A

hard patches on feet

35
Q

Flat warts

A

Occur on face, arms, legs

Looks like pencil erasers

36
Q

Fillform warts

A

Occur on mouth, nose, beard

Looks like little threads sticking out

37
Q

Periungual warts

A

Toe nail/Finger nail warts
Rough bumps
*can go away on own or with treatment

38
Q

what causes Fungal skin infections?

A

yeast or molds

39
Q

tinea

A

ringworm

40
Q

what the types of TINEA

A 
Tinea Corporis/Ringworm
Tinea Pedis/Athlete's Foot
Tinea Cruris/Jock Itch
Tinea Capitis/Scalp Ringworm
Tinea Unguium/Nail Fungus
Tinea Barbae/Barber's Itch
41
Q

Tinea Corporis/Ringworm

A

Rash that begins as a small area of red, raised spots and papules

rash slowly becomes ring-shaped, with red-colored, raised border and a clearer center; border may look scaly

42
Q

Tinea Pedis/Athlete’s Foot

A

Scales and fissures occur on the soles of the feet/between toes

This is the most common TINEA infection and a foul odor usually comes with it

43
Q

Tinea Cruris/Jock Itch

A

Red, ring-like areas with vesicles

more common during warmer weather because fungal infections like moisture

44
Q

Tinea Capitis/Scalp Ringworm

A

Single or multiple patches of hair loss that may have a black dot pattern, inflammation, scaling, pustules, pruritis

very contagious

45
Q

Tinea Unguium/Nail Fungus

A

White patches on nails, eventually turning the nail brown.
Nail thickens, cracks and may be destroyed

*usually occurs in toenails

46
Q

Tinea Barbae/Barber’s Itch

A

Deep inflammatory pustules and crusting around hairs

47
Q

Candidiasis

(only part of information in included on this card

A

Yeast infection caused by Candida Albicans

Candida species are normal flora (they’re good for us) but cause infection when situations promote overgrowth (like medications, decreased immunity, etc.)

Common cause of diaper rashes and vaginal yeast infection

48
Q

Thrush

A

When Candidiasis occurs in mouth and it’s characterized by white patches on tongue

49
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic autoimmune disease that causes raised, red, scaly patches on skin

Characterized by periods of exacerbations
Many types of it by Plaque psoriasis is the most common.

50
Q

why does Psoriasis occur

A

We don’t know. May involve genetics, immune system, environmental triggers (stress, anxiety, medications, injury)

51
Q

exacerbation

connected to Psoriasis

A

the increase in severity of a disease

52
Q

treatment for Psoriasis

A

Topical medication
Corticosteroids
Phototherapy
Immunosuppressants

53
Q

treatment for Candidiasis

A

antifungal meds

54
Q

how to prevent Candidasis

A

Keep skin clean/dry
Use antibiotics correctly
Control diabetes

55
Q

Pressure Ulcer

Bed Sore

A

An area of skin that breaks down when constant pressure and/or friction is placed against it

56
Q

some risk factors of Pressure Ulcer/Bed Sore

A

Impaired mobility
Reduced sensory perception
Incontinence (Lack of control over urination)

57
Q

how to prevent Pressure Ulcer/Bed Sore

A

Turn and reposition every 2 hours
Specialty devices that decrease pressure
Good nutrition
Elimination of moisture

Human Diseases (13 decks)

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