PV Loops Flashcards

1
Q
A

Acute MR

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2
Q
A

CHF and volatiles agents a high MAC

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3
Q
A

chronic aortic regurgitation

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4
Q
A

chronic Aortic stenosis

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5
Q
A

digitalis

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6
Q
A

IHSS

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7
Q
A

Mitral Stenosis and NTG

(technically; Loss of Preload = Lasix, NTG, Cardiac Tamponade)

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8
Q
A
  • A’ is normal single ventricular contraction
  • ‘B’ shows increasing preload with constant contractility and afterload
  • ‘C’ shows increasing afterload with constant preload and contractility
  • ‘D’ shows increasing contractility with constant preload and afterload

ESP= End systolic point; EDP= End diastolic point

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9
Q
A
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10
Q
A

nitroprusside

decreased afterload

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11
Q
A

phenylephrine

Increased Afterload

(also see thisi with HTN, AS)

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12
Q
A
  • A=normal,
  • B= mitral stenosis,
  • C= aortic stenosis,
  • D= mitral regurgitation (chronic),
  • E= aortic regurgitation (chronic)
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13
Q
A
  • Point B = EDV/EDP; MV Closes, S1
    • Beginning of contraction
    • Heart is biggest as it gets
    • Shows EDP/EDV relationship
    • Shows LVEDV. Pressure is fairly low
    • Indicates compliance; how easily ventricle takes in blood without significant rise in pressure
  • Point D = ESV/ESP, AV Closes, S2
    • Ventricle start relaxing
    • Ca++ is releasing from troponin and going back to sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • Shows ESP/ESV relationship
    • ( or ) shows regurgitation
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14
Q

Example of Increased Preload

A

Fluids

vasoconstriction

Increased EDV, SV, MAP, PCWP

Decreased SVR, HR

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15
Q

example of decreased Preload

A

Lasix, NTG, Cardiac Tamponade, Mitral Stenosis

Decreased EDV, LV size, SV, MAP, PCWP

Increased SVR and HR

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16
Q

example of Increased Afterload

A

Neo, HTN (concentric hypertrophy), Aortic Stenosis, coarctation of Aorta, Aortic Abd. clamping

Increased: EDV, ESV, MAP, SVR, PCWP, HR

Decreased: LV size (mostly remains same), SV

17
Q

example of decreased afterload

A

Nitropruside

Decreases: EDV, ESV, LV size, MAP, SVR, PCWP, HR

Increases: SV, HR

18
Q

Example of Increased Contractility

A

Digoxin, Ca++, PDE3 Inhibitor, Dobutamine

Increases: SV, MAP

Decreases: EDV, ESV!!, LV size (emptying better), PCWP, HR,

19
Q

example of Decreased contractility

A

CHF, Volatiles at High MAC

Increases: EDV, ESV, LV Volume, PCWP, HR, SVR

Decreases: SV, MAP