Bonds

Question 1

Ionic Compounds

Answer 1

1. Ionic compounds form giant lattice structures.
2. In a giant lattice structure, ions are arranged in a regular and repeating pattern.
3. The formula of an ionic compound can be deduced from its lattice structure by determining the ratio of cations to anions in a formula unit.
4. The physical properties of an ionic compound are as follows:
   (a) High melting point, high boiling point and non-volatile
   (b) Usually soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents
   (c) Conducts electricity in the molten state or when dissolved in water, but not in solid state

Question 2

Covalent compounds

Answer 2

Simple molecular structure/ Giant molecular structure

Question 3

Simple molecular structure

Answer 3

1. They have low melting and boiling points
2. They are usually insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents
3. Most of them do not conduct electricity whether in the solid, liquid or gaseous state

Question 4

Giant molecular structure

Answer 4

1. They have very high melting and boiling points
2. They do not conduct electricity (except graphite)
3. They are insoluble in both water and organic solvents
4. There are covalent bonds between all atoms

Question 5

Giant metallic structure

Answer 5

1. Attraction between positive metal ions and ‘sea of mobile electrons’
2. They have high melting and boiling points
3. They are insoluble in both water and organic solvents
4. They are electrical conductors in solid and molten states