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Entomology 219 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Aedes aegypti characteristics

A
  • adapted to humans: lives close to humans
  • breed in water storage pots
  • originated in Africa
  • “snow melt” mosquitoes
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2
Q

Aedes transmits what?

A

Yellow fever, Dengue, and Zika.

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3
Q

All mosquitoes are part of a single family called

A

Culicidae

family=”dae”

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4
Q

Anopheles mate where, and will you encounter the males?

A

away from the host and you will most likely not encounter a male anopheles

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5
Q

Anophelinae are not considered

A

major nuisances because they do not occur in large numbers like others do

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6
Q

Are Aedes and Culex nuisances?

A

Yes! They have a large population and are major pests. Cause annoyance.

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7
Q

Charles Darwin came up with

A

Natural Selection

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8
Q

Culex transmits what?

A

West Nile, and other encephalitic viruses.

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9
Q

Evolutionary theory says that

A

Organisms should maximize their reproduction.

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10
Q

Example of a K-strategist

A

Humans.

  • low fecundity
  • investment in offspring
  • large body size
  • long generation time
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11
Q

Example of an r-strategist

A

Ticks.

  • high fecundity
  • small body size
  • early maturity
  • short generation time
  • disperse offspring widely.
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12
Q

Example of livestock loss in Texas due to what mosquitoe?

A

Aedes mosquito. Killed through blood loss from an abundance appearing after a hurricane.

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13
Q

Female mosquitoes have what type of antennae

A

Twig antennae

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14
Q

Fitness

A

Proportion of the individual’s genes in the next generation.

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15
Q

Genus Aedes characteristics

A
  • eggs can withstand desiccation, so it promotes man-facilitated dispersal.
  • Live in manmade containers such as flower pots.
  • Live above water
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16
Q

Genus Anopheles adults are ____ sleepers. Blood feeding occurs from ___ to ___.

A

nocturnal, and it occurs from dust to dawn.

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17
Q

Genus Culex contain how many species? What is the most important Culex mosquitoe + characteristics?

A
  • over 1,000 species

- Culex quinquefasciatus “southern house mosquito” that lives in gross environments. Important vector of West Nile

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18
Q

Has the number of Aedes mosquitoes grown in the U.S or shrunk?

A

Aedes aegypti were established in southern US. However, in past 20 years, the amount has shrunk drastically.

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19
Q

High virulence means

A

high mortality, sever illness (malaria, yellow fever)

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20
Q

How can Aedes albopictus out compete Aedes aegypti?

A

-their larvae lives in same habitat and outcompetes aegypti
-more diverse diet
aggressive day biter and big nuisance

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21
Q

How do you recognize an anopheles?

A
  • Adults have dark and pale scales on wings.
  • Adults rest at 45 degree angle with abdomen pointing upwards.
  • Eggs have a floating device.
22
Q

How do you recognize Culicinae?

A
  • abdomen points downwards at rest.
  • females have short palps.
  • larvae float with body at angle on water surface
23
Q

How to recognize a Toxorhynchitinae mosquitoe

A
  • 90 degree bent proboscis
  • male proboscis is large
  • metallic colored scales along their body
  • larger than other mosquitoes
24
Q

If you have higher reproduction of a pathogen in a host then you have

A

high virulence

25
Q

In Aedes aegypti where does mating occur, and will you encounter the males?

A

mating occurs close to the host and you would be more likely to encounter the male

26
Q

In Anophelinae, who blood feeds? Why are they important?

A

Anopheles blood feeders are female, and they are very important disease vectors for malaria, arboviruses, and lymphatic filariasis.

27
Q

Is Aedes albopictus as dangerous as Aedes aegypti?

A

No, not as dangerous. Even though it can be infected with 22 viruses and has potential as a “bridge vector” (transmit viruses between animals and humans), it does NOT bite humans as often.

28
Q

Jurassic Park mosquito shape shows

A

A male that can not blood feed, so no way they had the blood of the dinosaur in that mosquito.

29
Q

Low virulence means

A

low/no mortality, minor symptoms (common cold)

30
Q

Male mosquitoes have what type of antennae?

A

Feathery antennae

31
Q

Mosquitoe Classification

A

Superorder: Endopterygota
Order: Diptera
Family: Culicidae

32
Q

Mosquitoes are divided into 3 subfamilies called____ _____ _____. And, there are ____ total genera.

A
  1. Toxorhynchitinae
  2. Anophelinae
  3. Culicinae
    subfamily=”nae”
    -subfamilies contain 42 genera.
33
Q

Natural Selection is about

A
  • Reproduction. Organisms that are best adapted to environment, so they produce more offspring, and those genes become fixed in the population. NOT “survival of the fittest”
  • Selective and surprisingly rapid process.
34
Q

The new view is that: Disease with high virulence were thought to have switched to what?

A

Switched to a new host and do not have time to adapt and minimize virulence. If they evolve to minimize damage to the host, the pathogen will have longer longevity.

35
Q

A quote: Given enough time a state of peaceful coexistence eventually becomes established between any host and parasite”

A

Represents the view of the evolution of pathogens. This used to be the view of pathogens until recently.

36
Q

r strategist vs. K strategist

A

Derived from an equation describing population growth

37
Q

Subfamily Anophelinae containes ___ genera. The one we focus on is___

A
  • 3 genera

- Anopheles

38
Q

Subfamily Culicinae has 2 important genera called

A

Aedes and Culex

39
Q

Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae

A
  • Do NOT blood feed
  • 94 species
  • aggressive
  • tropical
  • proboscis w/ 90 degree angle
  • kill more larvae than they can eat
40
Q

Toxorhynchitinae can NOT___ ____. And, both sexes feed on____ _____.

A
  • can NOT transmit disease

- feed on plant nectar

41
Q

What caused the reduction of Aedes mosquitos?

A

The introduction of Aedes albopictus.

  • first introduced in US in 1980s through trade with Japan and Taiwan.
  • Came in through houston ports.
42
Q

What does r=? What does K=?

A

K=? r= growth rate

K= carrying capacity

43
Q

What do k-strategists do?

A

Experience a lot of competition in crowded environment. Lots of investment in offspring so they can maximize ability to compete.

44
Q

What do r-strategists do?

A

They play the lottery. Little competition. Survival determined by luck.

45
Q

What environment do anopheles larvae like? What types of feeders are the larvae? Characteristics of the larvae?

A

Clean, unpolluted water. They are filter feeders, use mouth to filter. They are cannibalistic and opportunistic.

46
Q

What is the most important aedes species?

A

Aedes aegypti.

47
Q

What is Virulence?

A

degree of pathogenicity of an infectious disease.

48
Q

Which mosquitoe blood feeds and transmits disease?

A

Only females blood feed and transmit disease.

49
Q

Which mosquitoes do we have in the U.S.

A

Anopheles and Aedes

50
Q

Why are Aedes mosquitoes so numerous?

A
  1. Lots of larvae habitats
  2. Few predators
  3. Females produce lots of offspring
51
Q

Why can we not suppress the anopheles mosquito population?

A

It is not easy to suppress because even with only a few females alive, they can produce many more offspring.

52
Q

Why do insecticide bed nets work well in malaria control

A

because anopheles are nocturnal; they feed at night.

Entomology 219 (5 decks)

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