Industrial And Post Industrial Development Of Sport

Question 1

Negative effects on rationalised sports in the first half of the 19th century

Answer 1

H - poor Health and Hygiene
I - lack of Income 
T - lack of Time 
F - Facility provisions were lacking 
O - Overcrowding and lack of space 
R - loss of Rights

Question 2

How did hitfor factors affect rational recreation

Answer 2

Health-people were not ell enough to play
Income - couldn’t afford to pay for leisure pursuits
Time - people did not have enough time to play
Facilities - people did not have the provisions to play regularly or in their local areas
Overcrowding - the population was too dense so did not have any large open spaces to play games such as mob football like they used to
Rights - they lost rights

Question 3

Post industrial Britain

Answer 3

1780-1900 rationale recreation

Question 4

Industrial revolution

Answer 4

• led to more concentrated population
• the influence of the industrial revolution on the development of rationalised sport and pass times changed over the 19th century

Question 5

Rationalised recreation

Answer 5

• civilised
• these were sport pass times for the lower classes which were designed by the middle classes to be well ordered organised and controlled.

Question 6

Negative effects of rationalised sports during the first half of the 19th century

Answer 6

• lack of leisure time - the shift from leading to 12 hour working days
• lack of income - ack of public provisions
• poor health
• loss of rights

Question 7

Wenlock games

Answer 7

• Dr William Penny Brookes was

Question 8

Impact of the Brookes

Answer 8

• encouraged all classes to play in the games and therefore made the train free for them to attend
• campaigned along with the Wenlock Olympian Society to make physical education compulsory in school

Question 9

When and who founded the Olympic Games

Answer 9

Dr William Penny Brookes founded the Wenlock Olympian Games in 1850

Question 10

Who founded the international Olympian committee and reformed the modern Olympic Games in Athens 1896

Answer 10

Baron piere de Cobertin visited the Olympian society in 1890 which held a special festival in his honour

Question 11

What factors had a positive effect on sport and rational recreation

Answer 11

• health and hygiene improved
• gradual increases in wages
• development of the middle class
• the influence of ex public schoolboys
• the values of athleticism
• industrial patronage
• transport and communications

Question 12

How did improved health and hygiene help rational recreation at the time

Answer 12

As a result of gradual improvements in living conditions and local council provision of public baths improve cleanliness

Question 13

How did the development of the middle class help rational recreation at the time

Answer 13

Self mad men who took advantage of the new business opportunities , this changed ways of behaviour and playing sport. They developed strict rules leagues and competitions they provided facilities public parks via their involvement in the local council, they gave more time off work.

Question 14

Definition of urbanisation

Answer 14

Large numbers of people migratory/moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories.

Question 15

How did urbanisation impact sport

Answer 15

Lack of space - in cities unlike the countryside, space was at a premium. This lead to the development of purpose built facilities. 
Large working class population - urbanisation means a large Woking class population the needed entertainment. 
Change in working conditions -initially working class worked long hours in the factories and had limited free time. As working conditions improved due to government legislation people as more free time for entertainment. 
Loss of traditional sports - many working class traditional Woking class sports such as mob games were banned in a civilised urban society, so there was a need or new sports to emerge

Question 16

How did the development of transport impact sport

Answer 16

• steam trains and railways increased spectator and participation opportunities and spread interest in sport
• after trains enabled people to travel further and more easily, giving more time for sport matches
• spectators could follow their teams go away matches and regular national fixtures leagues and cup competitions. This created unified rules that were made by national governing bodies.
• field sports, climbing and walking and running were more accessible and improved access to the countryside
• as the railway expanded the tickets became cheaper

Question 17

How did the church influence sport?

Answer 17

• The church played a major role in every bodies lives
• The church provided facilities such as halls
• encouraged civilised behaviour (the shift from popular recreation to rationalised recreation)
• increased church attendance to church ceremonies and holy days
• the church organised sports such as football

Question 18

What is a philanthropist

Answer 18

Kind, generous, middle class individuals who had a social conscience and were keen to try to provide for a better life among the working class.

Question 19

What was the effect of the emergence of the middle class in a three tier society?

Answer 19

• codification -The development of strict rules as public school and university old boys played a key role in the formation of many national governing bodies.
• competition - The development of leagues and competitions via mildly class involvement in public schools/universities/clubs/NGBs/factory /church teams
• increased leisure time - workers were ginger more time off by the middle class to participate
• move to professionalism - the middle class helped in the development of early commercial/professional sport
• public provision - the development of facilities through middle class philanthropists

Question 20

Key characteristics of rational recreation

Answer 20

• respectability
• regionally/nationally/regularly played
• referees/officials
• impact of religion
• impact of revolutions
• purpose build facilities
• skills/tactics
• gambling controlled
• amateurism and professionalism

Question 21

The development of public provision

Answer 21

• the development of pub,lic baths in urban and industrial areas positively influenced the opportunities for working class rational recreation

Question 22

Codification - in the emergence of the middle class/ three tier society

Answer 22

The development of strict rules as public school and university old boys played a key role in the formation of many national governing bodies of sport

Question 23

Competition - in the emergence of the middle class/ three tier society

Answer 23

The developments of leagues and competitions via middle class involvement in public schools/ universities/ clubs /NGB’s/ factory/ church teams

Question 24

Increased leaks use time - in the emergence of the middle class/ three tier society

Answer 24

Workers were given more time off by the middle classes to participate

Question 25

What is the difference between amateurism and professionalism

Answer 25

Amateurism is the ideal that people play sport for the love of the game
Professionalism is when a player is payed for them playing

Question 26

Positive impacts of amateurism

Answer 26

Code of amateurism - was based on 0aying sport to clearly set rules which were put in place by the middle upper classes that formed NGBs
Belonging to the social elite - having wealth and plenty of time to play sport for the love rather than monetary gain
Participation in sport - was seen more important than the money and winning

Question 27

Definition of lawn tennis

Answer 27

Originally called ‘sphairistike’ and was played on an hourglass shaped court before it’s name and court shape were quickly replaced

Question 28

Definition of the open era

Answer 28

When professional tennis players were allowed to compete alongside amateurs