Psychotherapies

Question 1

Behavioral Approaches

Answer 1

• Classical conditioning
• Operant conditioning
• Modeling and Observational Learning

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

Explains peoples seemingly irrational responses to a host of neutral stimuli

ex: Pavlolv’s dog

Question 3

Operant Conditioning

Answer 3

Shaping behaviors by rewarding desired behaviors and punishing undesired behaviors

• Continuous reinforcement schedule
• Partial reinforcement schedule
• Extinction
• Conditioned avoidance response

Question 4

Modeling and Observational Learning

Answer 4

Modeling – new behavior learned from imitating someone else deemed important

Observational – observes rewards & punishments another person receives and behaves accordingly

Question 5

Behavioral Change Techniques

Answer 5

• Aversion therapy
• Relaxation exercises
• Distraction techniques
• Flooding
• Systematic desensitization
• Response shaping through operant conditioning
• Behavioral contracting
• Modeling and observational learning

Question 6

Aversion therapy

Answer 6

Makes situation or stimulus that was once reinforcing no longer reinforcing

Question 7

Relaxation exercises

Answer 7

helps individual voluntarily control physiological manifestations of anxiety

Question 8

Distraction techniques

Answer 8

Temporarily distract from anxiety producing environment

Divert attention from physiological manifestations of anxiety

Question 9

Flooding

Answer 9

Exposes individual to the dreaded or feared stimulus while preventing avoidant behavior

Question 10

Systematic desensitization

Answer 10

Pairs the implementation of relaxation techniques with hierarchical exposure to the aversive stimulus

Question 11

Response shaping through operant conditioning

Answer 11

Pairs rewards with desired behaviors

Question 12

Behavioral contracting

Answer 12

Provides rewards for reaching proximal goals

Question 13

Cognitive Theory definition

Answer 13

Argue that cognition is shaped by behavior and emotions

Cognition = thoughts or beliefs

Goal = identify and challenge negative thoughts and dysfunctional belief systems

ex: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy –> reshape thinking

Question 14

Goal of Cognitive Therapy

Answer 14

Help client identify their irrational and maladaptive thoughts … teach them to challenge these thoughts & consider alternative ways of thinking…replace thoughts/refocus them in a positive way

Encourage clients to face their worst fears about a situation and recognize ways they could cope

Question 15

Psychodynamic Therapy Approach

Answer 15

All behaviors, thoughts, and emotions are impacted by unconscious processes

Freud

2 drives of behavior –> sex & aggression

Regulators –> Id, Ego, Superego

Repression –> push back material that made it into consciousness to decrease anxiety – defense mechanism

Question 16

Psychodynamic Id, Ego, and Superego

Answer 16

Id – immediate gratification; innate desires like hunger

Ego- Seeking gratification – I will seek out food

Superego- moral standards – You can’t right now because we are taking a test…

Question 17

Most common defense mechanism

Answer 17

Denial - refusing to perceive or accept reality

Question 18

Regression - defense mechanism

Answer 18

Retreating to a behavior an earlier developmental period to prevent anxiety and satisfy current needs

Question 19

Rationalization - defense mechanism

Answer 19

Inventing an acceptable motive to explain unacceptable behavior

ex: Soldier kills innocent people but rationalizes he was following orders

Question 20

Projection- defense mechanism

Answer 20

Attributing one’s own unacceptable motives or desires on someone else

ex: Husband who is sexually attracted to a colleague accuses his wife of cheating on him

Question 21

Reaction formation - defense mechanism

Answer 21

Adopting a set of attitudes and behaviors that are the opposite of one’s true dispositions

ex: Man who cannot accept his own homosexuality becomes extremely homophobic

Question 22

Sublimation - defense mechanism

Answer 22

Translating wishes and needs into socially acceptable behavior

ex: An adolescent with strong aggressive impulses trains to be a boxer

Question 23

Family Systems Approach

Answer 23

Views family as a complex interpersonal system with its own hierarchy and rules that govern family members behavior

Individuals problems are rooted in interpersonal family system

What are the “rules” that govern the house/relationships?

Question 24

Third Wave Approaches

Answer 24

Focuses on people’s ability to understand and regulate their emotions

Includes techniques from behavioral, cognitive, mindfulness and acceptance

• Dialectical Behavior Therapy
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
• Behavior Activation

Question 25

Dialectical behavior therapy

Answer 25

Difficulties in managing negative emotions & in controlling impulsive behaviors

Helpful for borderline personality disorder & bipolar

Question 26

Behavior Activation

Answer 26

A value driven lifestyle evidenced by value-driven behaviors improves mental health