alkanes Flashcards
what are alkanes?
hydrocarbons
what are structural isomers in alkanes?
alkanes(compounds) that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
what is homologous series?
is a series of compounds which have the same functional groups, trend in physical properties, similar chemical properties and differ from one another by CH2.
physical properties in alkanes?
as the number of carbon increases the molecules get bigger there for cause an increase in strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction between the molecules, meaning more energy is required to break the bonds(forces of attraction) therefore higher boiling point.
chemical properties of alkanes?
All alkanes only have carbon–carbon bonds and carbon hydrogen bonds therefore they all act in the same way.. these are strong bonds therefore alkanes are fairly unreactive.
complete combustion in alkanes?
all alkanes burn in air or oxygen if there is enough oxygen complete combustion occurs and carbon dioxide, and water are produced.
incomplete combustion in alkanes
all alkanes burn in air or oxygen if there is no enough oxygen incomplete combustion occurs and carbon monoxide and water are produced.
alkanes react with halogens in the presence of ultra violet?(give an example)
for example when a mixture of methane and bromine is exposed to sunlight bromethane and hydrogen bromide is produced.
what is a substitution reaction?
when an atom is replaced by a different one.
what occurs to a mixture of ethane and chlorine when exposed to sunlight?
a substitution reaction occurs because the chlorine atom replaces the hydrogen atom causing chloroethane and hydrogen chloride to be formed
what are the products formed from the reaction of halogens and alkanes produce?
halogenoalkane
write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of alkanes.
CH4 + 2O2 —> CO2 + H2O
write incomplete combustion of undecane (11 carbons).
C11H24 + 12O —> 11CO + 14H2O
