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#‼️LEGAL MEDICINE AND JURISPRUDENCE COPY > Identification methods > Flashcards

Identification methods Flashcards

1
Q

___ years before a person can be presumed dead

A

7

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2
Q

In terms of value of different points of identification, visual recognition by relatives or friends vs fingerprints or dental comparison

A

Visual recognition is of lesser value than finger prints or dental comparison

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3
Q

To determine the complexion, the patient’s whole body should be exposed to ______ (UV, Ordinary sunlight)

A

Ordinary sunlight

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4
Q

(Type of facies) Nose is pinched, temple hollow, eyes sunken, ears cold, lips relaxed, skin livid

A

Hippocratic facies

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5
Q

(Type of facies) Almond eyes, pale complexion, prominence of cheek of cheek bones

A

Mongoloid facies

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6
Q

Name the method of approximating height

A
  1. (length of one arm x 2) + (length of clavicle + 12in) + (length of sternum + 1.5 in)
  2. (length of vertex of the skull to the pubic symphysis x 2)
  3. length of supraternal notch to the pubic symphysis x 3
  4. (Base of skull to coccyx) / 0.44
  5. Olecranon process to the tip of the middle finger x 19/5
  6. Length of head x 8
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7
Q

____ is a verbal, accurate, and picturesque description of the person identified provided by the witness, relatives or other persons acquainted with the person

A

Portrait parle (spoken picture)

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8
Q

Distance at which the best known person cannot be recognized by the clearest moonlight.

A

16 to 17 yards or 15 to 16 meters

Starlight: 10-13 yards or 9-12 meters

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9
Q

Fingerprints are formed in the fetus on the ____ month of pregnancy

A

14th

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10
Q

Dactylography vs Dactyloscopy

A

Dactylography - art and study of recording fingerpritns as means of identification

Dactyloscopy - art of identification by comparison of fingerprints. Study of utilization of fingerprints

Poroscopy - study of pores found on the papillary or friction ridges

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11
Q

Name the substances used to make latent prints available

A

Graphite for spraying, aluminum powder, plaster of paris, copper powder, metallic antimony

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12
Q

A type of signature forgery accomplished without outline

A

simulated forgery

Spurious forgery - one prepared primarily in the forger’s own handwriting wherein little or no attempt has been made to copy the characteristics of the genuine writing

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13
Q

[Age of Scar]

brownish or coppery

A

2 to 6 months

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14
Q

[Age of Scar]

white, glistening, contracted and tough

A

> 6 months

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15
Q

[Anthropometrics]

____ devised a scheme utilizing anthropometrical measurement as basis of identification

A

Alphonse Bertillon

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16
Q

[Anthropometrics]

human skeleton is unchangeable after the ___ year

A

20th

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17
Q

What is the most valuable method of identification?

A

fingerprinting

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18
Q

Fingerprints are formed during ___ months AOG

A

4th month

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19
Q

[Fingerprinting]

The art and study of recording fingerprint as a means of identification

A

Dactylography

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20
Q

[Fingerprinting]

art of identification by comparison of fingerprints

A

Dactyloscopy

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21
Q

[Fingerprinting]

study of pores found on the papillary friction ridges of the skin for purposes of identification

A

Poroscopy

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22
Q

[Fingerprinting: Kinds of Impression]

Impression of finger bulb with the use of printing ink on the surface of the paper

A

Real

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23
Q

[Fingerprinting: Kinds of Impression]

Impression made by chance and is visible without previous treatment

A

Visible print

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24
Q

[Fingerprinting: Kinds of Impression]

pressing the fingertips on melted paraffin, putty, resin

A

Plastic print

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25
Q

[Fingerprinting: Kinds of Impression]

not visible after impression but made visible by addition of some substances

A

latent print

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26
Q

[Types of fingerprint patterns]

Ridges go from one side of the pattern to another, never turning back to make a loop

A

Arches

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27
Q

[Types of fingerprint patterns]

One or more ridges enter on either side, recurves and terminate or tend to terminate on the same side

A

Loops

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28
Q

[Types of fingerprint patterns]

two deltas and patterns too irregular in form to classify

A

Whorls

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29
Q

[Temporary teeth]

Central incisors, upper teeth erupt at ___

A

7 months

Lower teeth central incisor - 6 months

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30
Q

[Temporary teeth]

Late incisors erupt at

A

9 months

Lower teeth lateral incisors - 10 months

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31
Q

[Temporary teeth]

canine erupt at

A

18 months

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32
Q

[Temporary teeth]

First molar erupt at

A

2 years old

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33
Q

[Permanent teeth]

First molar

A

6 years old

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34
Q

[Permanent teeth]

Central incisors

A

7 years old

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35
Q

[Permanent teeth]

lateral incisors

A

8 years old

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36
Q

[Permanent teeth]

first bicuspid

A

9 years old

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37
Q

[Permanent teeth]

second bicuspid

A

10 years old

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38
Q

[Permanent teeth]

canines

A

11 years old

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39
Q

[Age approximation]

12 permanent teeth (8 incisors and 4 molars)

A

9 years old

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40
Q

[Age approximation]

initial calcification of the 3rd molar

A

8 to 10 years old

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41
Q

[Age approximation]

20 permanent teeth

A

11 years old

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42
Q

[Age approximation]

28 permanent teeth, no decidous teeth

A

13 years old

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43
Q

[Age approximation]

the root ends of the 3rd molar completely calcified

A

25 years old

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44
Q

___ science of handwriting analysis

A

bibliotics

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45
Q

___ study of handwriting for the purpose of determining the writer’s personality, character, and aptitude

A

Graphology

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46
Q

What are the classification of signature forgery

A
  1. Traced
  2. Simulated
  3. Spurious
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47
Q

[Identification of human skeleton]

Bones used to measure height

A
  1. Femur
  2. Humerus
  3. Tibia
  4. Radius
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48
Q

[Identification of human skeleton]

Bones used to determine sex

A
  1. Pelvis
  2. Skull
  3. Sternum
  4. Femur
  5. Humerus
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49
Q

[Male/Female]

Pubic arch that is narrow and less round

A

Male

50
Q

[Male/Female]

obturator foramen is egg shape

A

Male

51
Q

[Male/Female]

the mastoid process is larger

A

male

52
Q

[Male/Female]

The styloid process is longer and slender

A

Female

53
Q

[Male/Female]

superciliary ridges are less sharp and more rounded

A

Male

54
Q

All soft tissues in a grave disappear within ___ months

A

12 months or 1 year

55
Q

Age exempted from criminal liability

A

<9 years old

Over 9 years and under 15 unless he has acted with discernment

56
Q

Age may be determined by?

A
  1. Appearance of ossification centers
  2. Union of bones and epiphyses
  3. Dental identification
  4. Obliteration of cranial sutures
57
Q

[Test for blood tissue]

recent bloodshed is soluble in saline and imparts a bright red colir

A

solubility test

58
Q

[Test for blood tissue]

imparts muddy precipitate

A

heat test

59
Q

[Test for blood tissue]

bluish white luminescence is a positive sign for blood. it is due to ___

A

hematin

60
Q

[Test for blood tissue]

brownish tinge due to the alkaline hematin

A

Saline Extract + ammonia

61
Q

[Test for blood tissue]

blue color as sign of positive test; but not conclusive

A 
Benzidine test
Guaiacum test (Van Deen Dyas or Schombein test)
62
Q

[Test for blood tissue]

Kastle-Meyer test refer to

A

Phenolphthalein test

63
Q

[Test for blood tissue]

Considered to be the best of the microchemical test

A

Teichmann blood crystals or Hemin crystal test

64
Q

[Test for blood tissue]

determines whether blood is of human or not

A

Precipitin test

65
Q

Menstrual blood contains large number of non-clotting, acidic blood called___

A

Deoderlein bacilli

66
Q

What act defined death as cessation of cardiopulmonary functions and/or cessation of brain activity?

A

Organ donation act of 1991

67
Q

___ sum total of all the vital processes by which the physical integrity of the body is maintain

A

life

68
Q

[Death]

deep, irreversible absence of electrical brain activity

A

brain death

69
Q

[Death]

molecular death happens ___ hours after cessation of vital functions of he body

A

3-6 hours

70
Q

[Signs of death]

____ test ligature is applied around the base of a finger with moderate tightness

A

Magnus test

71
Q

[Signs of death]

___ test is the injection of a solution of fluorescein subcutaneously

A

Icards test

72
Q

[Signs of death]

____ test wherein the fingers are spread wide and the finger webs are viewed through a strong light

A

Diaphanous test

73
Q

[Signs of death]

____ test

movement of the image formed by reflecting artifical light on the water or mercury contained in saucer

A

Winslow test

74
Q

___ mortis is one of the most prominent signs of death

A

Algor mortis

75
Q

Post mortem caloricity or the rise in temperature of the body __ hours after death

A

First 2 hours

76
Q

[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]

Factors that delay cooling (connected with the body)

A
  1. Acute pyrexial disease
  2. Sudden death in good health
  3. Obesity
  4. Asphyxia
  5. Middle age
77
Q

[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]

factors accelerating cooling (connected with the body)

A
  1. Leanness
  2. Extreme age
  3. Long standing or lingering illness
  4. Chronic pyrexial disease associated with wasting
78
Q

[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]

factors that are connected with the surroundings that delay cooling

A
  1. Clothing
  2. Want of access of air
  3. Small room
  4. Warm surroundings
79
Q

[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]

factors that are connected with the surroundings that accelerates cooling

A
  1. Unclothed
  2. Conditions allowing the access of air
  3. Large room
  4. Cooling more rapid in water
80
Q

[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]

During the first hour of death, the body temp drops to ___

A

half the difference of the body temp and that of the air

81
Q

[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]

2 hours after death, the body temperature falls

A

1/2 of the previous rate

82
Q

[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]

Body attains temperature of the surrounding air after -__ hours of death

A

12 to 15 hours

83
Q

[Factors influencing the rate of cooling of the body]

What is the formula to estimate the duration fo death?

A

Time = [(normal tem) x 38.89 deg C - rectal tem ] / 1.5

84
Q

[Changes in the body following death]

Starts immediately after death,

extremely flexed, lower jaw falls and the eyeball loses its tension

A

Stage of primary flaccidity

85
Q

[Changes in the body following death]

In tropical countries, rigor mortis happens

A

24-48 hours during cold weather

18 to 36 hours during summer

86
Q

[Changes in the body following death]

in Rigor mortis, what compounds in the body increases

A
  1. Lactic acid

2. phosphoric acid

87
Q

What are the internal factors influencing the time of onset of rigor mortis?

A
  1. State of the muscle (longer in healthy and at rest before death)
  2. Age (early onset in newborn and elderly)
  3. Integrity of the nerves
88
Q

What are the external factors influencing the onset of rigor mortis

A
  1. Accelerated in high temp, stiff if above 75 deg C

2. Short in moist air

89
Q

[Cadaveric spasm vs Rigor Mortis]

involves certain muscles or group of muscles only which happens immediately after death

A

Cadaveric Spasm

90
Q

what are the organism usually involved and seen in secondary flaccidity?

A
  1. Clostridium Welci

2. C. perfringes

91
Q

[Ante- or Post-mortem clot]

firm, cannot be stripped into layers, uniform color

A

ante-mortem

92
Q

[Ante- or Post-mortem clot]

soft, smooth and healthy after the clots are removed, stripped off in layers

A

post-mortem

93
Q

[Post-mortem lividity]

blood gravitates to the most dependent portions but still inside the BV in fluid form

A

hypostatic

94
Q

[Post-mortem lividity]

Appears during the later stages when blood has coagulated inside the blood vessel

A

diffusion

95
Q

[Post-mortem lividity: Color]

Dark

A

asphyxia

96
Q

[Post-mortem lividity: Color]

bright pink

A

CO

97
Q

[Post-mortem lividity: Color]

Less dark

A

hemorrhage, anemia

98
Q

[Post-mortem lividity: Color]

bright red

A

hydrocyanic acid or Prussic acid

99
Q

[Post-mortem lividity: Color]

dark brown

A

phosphorous

100
Q

[Post-mortem lividity: Color]

chocolate or coffee brown

A

Potassium chlorate, Potassium dichromate

101
Q

[Autolytic changes after death]

breaking down of the complex proteins into simpler components

A

putrefaction

102
Q

[Autolytic changes after death]

What is the color and location of the earliest sign of death in the skin

A

Greenish, right iliac fossa

103
Q

[Autolytic changes after death]

Prominence of the superficial veins with reddish discoloration

A

marbolization

104
Q

What is the order of putrefaction when the body is in water

A
  1. Face and neck or sternum
  2. Shoulders
  3. Arms
  4. Abdomen
  5. Legs
105
Q

[Factors that influence the floating of body in water]

What is the role of age

A
  1. well-nourished newly born float rapidly
106
Q

[Factors that influence the floating of body in water]

What is the role of sex

A

women float sooner

107
Q

[Factors that influence the floating of body in water]

What is the role of obesity

A

obese persons float sooner

108
Q

[Factors that influence the floating of body in water]

What is the influence of the season of theyear

A

moist air in the summer accelerates floating of the body

109
Q

What is the optimum temperature for decomposition?

A

70 to 100 deg F or 21 to 37.38 deg C

110
Q

Decomposition does not occur at this temp

A

Below 32 deg F or 0 deg

Above 212 deg F or 100 deg C

111
Q

What is the effect of clothing in putrefaction

A

Initially hastens it then protects it later from flies and other insects

112
Q

[Putrefactive Changes in tropical regions]

Rigor mortis all over
hypostasi
green discoloration over the caecum

A

12 hours

Onset is 2-3 hours after death

113
Q

[Putrefactive Changes in tropical regions]

Rigor mortis absent
Green discoloration over the whole abdomen
Abdomen distended with gases

A

24 hour

Post-mortem lividity 3 to 6 hours after death

114
Q

[Putrefactive Changes in tropical regions]

Ova of flies seen, trunk bloated

A

48 hours

115
Q

[Presumption of death]

disappearance of a person for __ years, not for the purpose of succession

A

7 years

if for inheritance, 10 years

recently, its down to 4 years

116
Q

[Presumption of death]

person is dead after ___ years of being missing or unheard off from plane crash, lost in sea voyage, explorer, go into war

A

4 years

recently, its 2 years

117
Q

[Presumption of survivorship]

if both are under age 15,

A

older is presumed to have survived

118
Q

[Presumption of survivorship]

if both were above the age 60,

A

the younger is presumed to have survived

119
Q

[Presumption of survivorship]

if one is under 15 and other above 60

A

Age 15 is presumed to have survived

120
Q

[Presumption of survivorship]

if both are over 15 and under 60, but different sexes

A

male is presumed to survive

121
Q

[Presumption of survivorship]

if both are over 15 and under 60, same sex,

A

the older is presumed to survive

#‼️LEGAL MEDICINE AND JURISPRUDENCE COPY (31 decks)

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