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KROK 1 > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

-70 to -90 mV

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2
Q

Depolarization

A

-70 to +30 mV
Threshold = -55 mV (
Na+ influx

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3
Q

Re-polarization

A

+30 to -75 mV

Efflux of K+ ions

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4
Q

Hyperpolorization

A

-75 to -90 mV

K+ leakage

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5
Q

All or non law

A

Applied to AP

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6
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarization (contracts)

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7
Q

QRS wave

A 
Atrial re-polarization (relaxes) 
Ventricular depolarization (contracts)
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8
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular re-polarization (relaxes)

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9
Q

SA node

A

60 -90 bpms

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10
Q

AV node

A

30-50 bpms

Controls PQ interval

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11
Q

His bundle and Purkunje Fibers

A

10-20 bpms

Controls QRS unit

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12
Q

Low ST interval

A

Myocardial Infarction

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13
Q

Adenohypophysis

A 
TSH 
ACTH 
GTH 
FSH 
LH 
Prolactin (NB for diagnosis of pathology in pituitary gland) 
GH 
Melanocyte SH
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14
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Vasopressin/ADH (Increases tubular H2O absorption and controls bp)
Oxytocin (stimulates milk production and uterus contraction)

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15
Q

Hyperthyriodism

A

Graves disease

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16
Q

Hypothyriodism

A

Hashimotos disease

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17
Q

Calcitonin

A

Cells that produce calcitonin can be stained by silver
Produced by thyroid
Bone mineralization

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18
Q

Pararthyriod hormone

A

Bone demineralization

Produced by thyroid

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19
Q

Conns Disease

A

Increased levels of aldosterone

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20
Q

Cushings syndrome

A

Increased cortisol due to genetic factors

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21
Q

Cushings disease

A

Increased cortisol due to pituitary adenoma or trauma to the pituitary

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22
Q

Brainstem - Midbrain

A 
Red nucleus (Injury causes flexed muscles) 
- Tension of flexor muscles
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23
Q

Brainstem - Pons

A

Quadrigeminal Plate

  • Post/Sup = Pupil reflex
  • Inf/Ant = Orientation and balance / tension of extensor muscles
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24
Q

Brainstem - MO

A

Respiratory center

Deglutition (swallowing) center

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25
Q

Brainstem - Cerebellum

A

Coordination of movement and speech

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26
Q

Spinal cord

A 
Anterior = Motor 
Posterior = Sensory
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27
Q

SNS vs PNS

A 
SNS = uses adrenaline 
PNS = uses acetycholine
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28
Q

IgA

A

Provides immunity in the oral cavity

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29
Q

IgE

A

Allergic reaction

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30
Q

IgM

A

Primary/acute infections

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31
Q

IgG

A

Secondary/chronic infections

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32
Q

G cells

A

Produce gastrin

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33
Q

Parietal cells

A

Produce HCL

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34
Q

Chief cells

A

Poduce pepsin ( digests proteins)

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35
Q

Bleeding

A

`Decreases haematocrit rate)

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36
Q

Vagus n

A 
Stimulates PaNS
Decreases HR (decreased contraction rate)
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37
Q

Superficial vs Deep haemorrhage

A 
Sup = Platelet dysfunction (e.g. Punctata)
Deep = Coagulation factors dysfunction
38
Q

Waved/ Partial tetanus

A

Muscle contraction during relaxation

39
Q

Holotetanus

A

Muscle contraction during movement

40
Q

Min BV through lungs

A

Equal to Min BV through heart

41
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Static period where heart valves are closed

42
Q

Lens

A

Responsible for refracting power of eye

43
Q

Renin and Erythropoietin

A

BP regulation

44
Q

Glomerulus

A

Filters cells and proteins in blood

45
Q

Tubules

A

Reabs electrolytes, glucose and H2O

Excretes urea

46
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of filter

Affects filtration

47
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of tubule

48
Q

Heart chamber pressures

A 
RA = 0-10 mmHg 
LA = 0-20 mmHg 
RV = 0-60 mmHg 
LV = 0-120 mmHg
49
Q

Functional Residual Capacity

A

Vol that stays in the lungs after expiration

50
Q

Cardiomyocytes from V/A

A

Cant generate impulses automatically

51
Q

Vestibular receptors

A

Responsible for balance

52
Q

Super distended heart (extension)

A

Causes secretion of natruretic hormone

53
Q

Kidney secretions

A 
Exocrine = Erythropoietin (stimulaed by hypoxia) 
Endocrine = Renin
54
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Responsible for pain and temperature

55
Q

Increased oncotic pressure (E.g. Increased albumin)

A

H2O moves from int. fluid to capillaries

56
Q

Anephric

A

Missing a kidney

Anemia due to decreased erythropoietin

57
Q

Bile acids

A

Emulsify fats for digestion

58
Q

Thyroxin

A

Thermoregulatory hormone

59
Q

Aldosterone

A

Allows for min loss of Na+ in sweat

60
Q

Post vs Pre Central Gyrus

A 
Post = Sensory 
Pre = Motor
61
Q

Increased glucose in blood

A

H2O moves from cell to IF

62
Q

Middle frequency sounds

A

Middle part of helix/cochlear

63
Q

Cattarhal inflammation

A

Inflammation of mucus membranes (E.g. rhinitis etc)

64
Q

ESR

A

ESR increases when albumin decreases

Increases during starvation

65
Q

Protein levels

A

<62 = Increased oncotic pressure (Increased filtration and decreased re-absorption)

66
Q

Pancreatic Juice

A

Contains tripsin, lipase and amylase

Cholecystokinin stimulates pancreatic juice secretion

67
Q

Injury to SCM

A

Affects inpiratory reserve volume

68
Q

Pavlov classification

A 
Phlegmatic = Balanced nervous activity 
Sanguine = High working activity
69
Q

Acetycholine

A

Neurotransmitter found in sympathetic neurosynapses

70
Q

Damage to reticular formation system

A

Prolonged deep sleep

71
Q

Proprioreceptors

A

Muscle spindles = measure tension

Golgi tendon = measure length

72
Q

Packed Cell Vol

A

Decreases when you loose blood

73
Q

Bronchospasms

A

Block M cholinoreceptors to decrease

74
Q

Diver reflex

A

Triggers refectory apnea

75
Q

Moving from horizontal to vertical

A

Reflectory vasoconstriction of lower limb veins

76
Q

Surfactant deficiency

A

Pulmonary collapse

77
Q

Receptors of Ach

A

In neuromusucular synapse

78
Q

Isometric vs Isotonic

A 
Isometric = holding a load (muscle stays the same, tension increases) 
Isotonic = Waving your arm (muscle length changes, tension remains the same)
79
Q

Diffusing lung capacity

A

Decreases with increased alveolar membrane thickness

80
Q

Damage to C1- C4 and below C4

A 
C1-C4 = Death (no respiration) 
C4 = Maintain respiration
81
Q

Vagus damage

A

Deep and infrequent breathing

82
Q

How to decrease gastric juice secretion

A

Block histamine receptors

83
Q

Alpha 1,2 and Beta 1,2 receptors

A

Alpha 1 = smooth mm
Alpha 2 = adrenal gland
Beta 1 = heart
Beta 2 = bronchi (lungs)

84
Q

Dry heat sterilization

A

Sterilizes pipettes etc

85
Q

Depression of R-R interval

A

Heart hurry

86
Q

Delayed AV node conduction

A

Prolonged P-Q interval

87
Q

Aldosterone

A

Increases K+ and Na+ excretion

88
Q

Reciprocal movement

A

One muscle contracts while the other relaxes

89
Q

Cholagogues

A

Billiary excretion and intestinal motility

90
Q

Catecholamines

A

Increase BP

KROK 1 (10 decks)

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