Definitions

Question 1

Covalent bond

Answer 1

The electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nucleus

Question 2

Melting point

Answer 2

The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

Question 3

define Oxidation number/ State

Answer 3

The hypothetical charge on an atom assuming that the bonding is ionic

Question 4

Oxidation in terms of electrons

Answer 4

loss of electrons

Question 5

Oxidation number

Answer 5

increase in oxidation number

Question 6

Periodicity

Answer 6

the repeated pattern/trend in properties down or across the periodic table

Question 7

Mass no. as a letter

Answer 7

A

Question 8

Atomic no. as a letter

Answer 8

Z

Question 9

Nucleons

Answer 9

particles within the nucleus (protons + neutrons)

Question 10

5 stages of mass spectrometry

Answer 10

1) ionisation
2) acceleration
3) ion drift
4) detection
5) analysis

Question 11

define isoelectronic

Answer 11

same electron configuration but different element

Question 12

define the first ionisation energy

Answer 12

The energy needed to remove 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions

Question 13

the second ionisation energy

Answer 13

The energy required to remove 1 electron from 1 mole of 1+ gaseous ions, to form 1 mole of gaseous 2+ ions

Question 14

ionic bonding

Answer 14

electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 15

metallic bonding

Answer 15

electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons in a layered structure

Question 16

lattice

Answer 16

regular repeating patteren

Question 17

symbol for carbonate

Answer 17

CO3 2-

Question 18

symbol for sulfate

Answer 18

SO4 2-

Question 19

symbol for nitrate

Answer 19

NO3 -

Question 20

symbol for hydroxide

Answer 20

OH -

Question 21

symbol for ammonia

Answer 21

NH3

Question 22

symbol for ammonium

Answer 22

NH4 +

Question 23

Coordinate bond (dative bond)

Answer 23

it is formed when one atom donates a shared pair of electrons to another atom/ion

Question 24

Electronegativity

Answer 24

it is the power of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a covalent bond

Question 25

permanent dipole

Answer 25

an unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond leading to δ+ and δ- ends

Question 26

How do van der Waal forces form

Answer 26

Random electron movement in the first molecule induces a temporary dipole in another molecule which creates an attraction of δ+ and δ- in different/adjacent molecules