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OB > MATERNAL PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

MATERNAL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Hegar’s sign

A

softening of the ISTHMUS

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2
Q

Braxton-Hicks Contraction

A

painless uterine contraction without cervical dilatation

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3
Q

Arias-Stella Reaction

A

endocervical gland hyperplasia and hypersecretory appearance

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4
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

production of progesterone 6th-7th week

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5
Q

Relaxin

A

secreted by corpus luteum, decidua, and placenta in similar pattern as hCG

for remodeling of reproductive tract to accomodate parturition

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6
Q

Theca Lutein Cyst

A

benign ovarian lesion that results from exaggerated physiological follicle stimulation (hyper reaction)

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7
Q

Hyperreactio luteinalis

A

exaggerated physiological follicle stimulation (hyper reaction)

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8
Q

weight gain if BMI before pregnancy is normal

A

12.5 kg or 27.5 lbs

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9
Q

pitting edema

A

INCREASED venous pressure BELOW the level of the uterus d.t. PARTIAL occlusion of the vena cava by the gravid uterus

DECREASED interstitial colloid osmotic pressure

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10
Q

Leptin Deficiency

A

associated with ANOVULATION and INFERTILITY

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11
Q

Abnormally elevated Leptin

A

associated with PREECLAMPSIA and GESTATIONAL DM

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12
Q

Hypervolemia begins to increase

A

1st trimester

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13
Q

Hypervolemia expands most rapidly

A

2nd trimester

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14
Q

Iron requirement during normal pregnancy

A

1000 mg

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15
Q

T - helper and T cytotoxic cells (suppressed activity in pregnancy)

A

DECREASE secretion of IL-2, interferon-y and TNF-B

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16
Q

Coagulation and Fibrinolysis during Pregnancy

A

INCREASE - fibrinogen, factor VII, factor X, plasminogen

DECREASE - activated PTT, tPA, antithrombin III, protein C and total protein S

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17
Q

Increased in cervical mucus plug which act as barrier against infection for the fetus

A

IgA and IgG

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18
Q

Increased during the 1st trimester in cervical and vaginal mucus

A

IL-1B

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19
Q

Factors associated with thrombocytopenia in pregnancy

A

hemodilution
increased platelet consumption
production of thromboxane A2 –> platelet aggregation

20
Q

Increased CO in pregnancy is due to

A

DECREASED systemic vascular resistance

INCREASED HR

21
Q

Cardiac sounds during pregnancy

A

exaggerated splitting of the first heart sound
loud easily heard 3rd sound
systolic murmur

22
Q

Arterial pressure decreases during

A

24-26 weeks

23
Q

Principal prostaglandin of endothelium; ↑ during late pregnancy and regulates blood pressure and platelet function

A

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

24
Q

Endothelin 1

A

Potent vasoconstrictor produced in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and regulates local vasomotor tone

25
Q

Nitric Oxide

A

Potent vasodilator is released by endothelial cells and may have important implications for modifying vascular resistance during pregnancy

26
Q

Renal Function Tests

A

DECREASE serum creatinine

INCREASE CrCl

27
Q

Dried cervical mucus d.t. progesterone

A

Beading/ Crystallization

28
Q

Seen on a glass slide as a result of amniotic fluid leakage which is an ARBORIZATION OF ICE CRYSTALS

A

Ferning

29
Q

Greater vascularity and hyperemia in the perineum, vulva, vagina and cervix –> violet color characteristic

A

Chadwick sign

30
Q

Represents exaggerated luteinization reaction of normal ovary

A

Luteoma of Pregnancy

31
Q

Secreted by corpus luteum, decidua and placenta

For REMODELING of reproductive tract CT to accommodate parturition

A

RELAXIN

32
Q

Exaggerated physiological follicle stimulation (hyperreaction luteinalis)

A

Theca Lutein Cyst

33
Q

Normal pregnancy characterized by (related to carbohydrate metabolism)

A

mild fasting HYPOglycemia
postprandial HYPERglycemia
HYPERinsulinemia

34
Q

Factors responsible for INSULIN RESISTANCE

A 
Progesterone
Placentally derived growth hormone
Prolactin
Cortisol
Tumor Necrosis Factor
Leptin
35
Q

Secreted by adipose tissue

Important for implantation, cell proliferation and angiogenesis

Important for development of pancreas, kidney, heart and brain

A

Leptin

36
Q

Cooperates w/ leptin (neuroendocrine factor) in energy

for homeostasis modulation; role in fetal growth and cell proliferation

A

Ghrelin

37
Q

Iron and Iodine requirement

A

INCREASED

38
Q

Total serum calcium and serum magnesium

A

DECREASED

39
Q

DECREASED during pregnancy (Hematologic and Immunologic changes)

A

Hgb and Hct
Whole blood viscosity
TH1 response
TH1 secretion of IL-2, IF-1, TNF

40
Q

INCREASED concentrations of ALL clotting factors in pregnancy EXCEPT

A

Factors XI and XIII

41
Q

Secreted in response to chamber-wall stretching

A

ANP (atrial natriuretic) and BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)

regulate blood volume by natriuresis, diuresis and vascular smooth-muscle relaxation

BNP - INCREASED IN SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA

42
Q

Principal prostaglandin of endothelium

INCREASED in LATE pregnancy

A

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

regulates blood pressure and platelet function
maintain VASODILATION

DECREASED in PREECLAMSPIA

43
Q

Produced in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle

Production stimulated by angiotensin II, arginine, vasopressin and thrombin

A

Endothelin

(+) secretion of ANP, aldosterone and catecholamines

ELEVATED LEVELS – associated with preeclampsia

potent VASOCONSTRICTOR

44
Q

Potent VASODILATOR

Released by endothelial cells

A

Nitric Oxide

Mediator of PLACENTAL VASCULAR TONE and DEVELOPMENT

abnormal synthesis linked to preeclampsia development

45
Q

Changes in lung volumes during pregnancy

A

REDUCED
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Residual Volume (RV)

INCREASED
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
Tidal Volume (VT)

UNAFFECTED
Lung compliance
Maximum breathing capacity
Forced Vital Capacity

46
Q

Tests of renal function

A

DECREASED
Serum Creatinine

INCREASED
Creatinine Clearance

OB (16 decks)

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