Research Methods

Question 1

Random sampling

Answer 1

Using a random method to select a subset of individuals for the sample from the population

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

Collection of individuals from which we collect data

Question 3

A confound

Answer 3

Confused

Confounding variable’s may influence the interpretations of experiment results

Question 4

Experimental methods are used to determine

Answer 4

How the independent variable is acting on the dependent variable

Question 5

Additional confounds

Answer 5

Expectancy effect, placebo effect

Question 6

Expectancy effect

Answer 6

Researcher subtly communicates to behaviour he/or she expects to find, producing the desired reaction

Question 7

Placebo effect

Answer 7

Participants change their behaviour in the absence of any kind of experimental manipulation and example would be given people placebo pills

Question 8

Controlling confounds

Answer 8

Researchers use methods and attempt to hold constant all variables and conditions other than those related to the hypotheses being tested
Eg.tape recorder

Question 9

Double blind control

Answer 9

In which the experimenter and subject are unaware as to who receives were treatment

Question 10

Placebo controlled

Answer 10

Inclusion of an experimental condition in which the treatment is not administered

Question 11

Correlation method

Answer 11

Used to determine the extent to which two variables are related, use only when you can’t manipulate variables

Question 12

Correlation coefficient Positive

Answer 12

0.01 to 1.0

Question 13

Correlation coefficient negative

Answer 13

-.01 to -1.0

Question 14

Experimental research designs

Answer 14

Between subject designs, within subject designs

Question 15

Between subject designs

Answer 15

Different group of participants or sign to experimental conditions or to control condition

Question 16

Within subject designs

Answer 16

Each participant is compared to themselves overtime

Question 17

Population

Answer 17

Set of individuals that Generalizations will be based on

Question 18

Sample

Answer 18

Actual people in the experiment

Question 19

Representative sample

Answer 19

Subset they closely matches the characteristics of the population being studied

Question 20

An example of random sampling

Answer 20

Marbles in a jar, but counting the small jar you can make a guest for your bigger jar of the ratio of coloured balls

Question 21

Population of interest/ election polling

Answer 21

Depends on your goals, can everyone do it, is there an age restriction, likely voters/participants

Question 22

Election pulling- how is it conducted

Answer 22

If you know the details of an area population, and the people you choose should fit the characteristic as in how is it represented

Question 23

Which showing the polls throw the voting. Screw the polls and why

Answer 23

It would because by showing people the results it may skew their judgement

Question 24

Measurement accuracy is determined by

Answer 24

Reliability and validity

Question 25

Reliability

Answer 25

Stable and consistent and example would be an IQ test

Question 26

Validity

Answer 26

Degree to which a test measures what it wants to measure it’s conceptual

Question 27

Face validity

Answer 27

Does the test look like what you’re trying to measure

Question 28

Predictive validity

Answer 28

Does the thing you measure predict whether or not someone will experience with your studying

Question 29

Types of measure to obtain data

Answer 29

Depends on with being studied, self report measures, behavioural measures

Question 30

Self-report measures

Answer 30

Not usually valid, verbal or written answers to what the researcher poses which means your own observations

Question 31

Behavioural measures

Answer 31

Based on performance could be archival or case studies

Question 32

Archival

Answer 32

The records in history,

Relies on others observations

Question 33

Case studies

Answer 33

Exam in a small number of people , lots of domains, more , new clinical settings, eg. H.M

Question 34

Self-report measures can be

Answer 34

Questionnaires or an interview format or surveys

Question 35

The problem with self report measures

Answer 35

People often want to make themselves look better that this could affect their answers

Question 36

Self-report measures include what type of questions

Answer 36

Direct or open ended

Question 37

Lexical decision

Answer 37

Determining if somethings a word

Question 38

Types of observations

Answer 38

Direct, naturalistic,

Question 39

Direct observations

Answer 39

Have a laboratory kind of setting

Question 40

Cons of direct observations

Answer 40

The subject may be uncomfortable in the setting

Question 41

Naturalistic observation’s

Answer 41

In a calm environment more likely like a house party

Question 42

Cons of naturalistic observation’s

Answer 42

You don’t have control over the situation

Question 43

Quasi experimental design

Answer 43

Experiment that does not require random assignment to conditions

Question 44

Qualitative methodologies include

Answer 44

Case studies, narrative analysis is, qualitative

Question 45

Participant observation study

Answer 45

Researcher in beds themselves into the group to study it’s dynamic

Question 46

Narrative analysis

Answer 46

Study of stories of personal accounts of people groups or cultures Researchers will study themes, structures, and dialogue of each person’s nature

Question 47

Independent variable

Answer 47

Variable research for manipulate and control

Question 48

Dependent variable

Answer 48

The variable the researcher Measures but does not manipulate