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Biology 1 > Chapter 1 - Classification > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Mycelium in deuteromycetes is

A

Septate ( branched )

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2
Q

Ascospore are endo one exo

A

Endogenous

Note : maybe all spores except conidia are endogenous in natur

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3
Q

MW Stanley showed that viruses could be crystallised and the crystals consists largely of proteins in the year _______

A

1935

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7
Q

3 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION WAS GIVEN BY

A

ERNST HACKELL

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8
Q

MOST EXTENSIVE METABOLIC DIVERSITY

A

BACTERIA

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9
Q

FLAGELLA AND A RIGID CELL WALL IS PRESENT ONLY IN WHICH BACTERIA

A

EUBACTERIA

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11
Q

BACTERIA ARE ______________ IN STRUCTURAL AND__________ IN BEHAVIOR

A

SIMPLE, COMPLEX

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12
Q

BLOOMS IN POLLUTED WATER BODIES ARE FORMED BY

A

CYNOBACTERIA, BLUE GREEN ALGAE

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13
Q

Cyanobacteria or BGA are bacteria or algae

A

eubacteria

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14
Q

Number of flagella found in dinoflagellates

A

2

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15
Q

ARCHE BACTERIA DIFFER FROM OTHER BACTERIA IN HAVING DIFFRENT

A

CELL WALL STRUCTURE

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16
Q

CYANOBACTERIA HAVE WHICH CHLORO

A

A . Similar to green plants

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17
Q

Which bacteria oxidise various organic substance such as ammonia , nitrates and nitrites and use the energy in ATP production

A

CHEMOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHIC bacteria

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18
Q

Viruse that infect plants have which kind of genetic material

A

Single stranded RNA (ss rna)

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20
Q

Which bacteria maybe filamentous or colonial , freshwater /marine or terrestrial algae

A

Cyanobacteria or BGA

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21
Q

What is used for polishing , filtration of oils and syrups

A

Diatomaceous earth

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22
Q

Nature of mycelium in basidiomycetes

A

Septate ( branched )

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24
Q

A FILAMENTOUS BGA

A

Nostoc -also has a gelatinous sheath and heterocyst (fix atm N2)

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27
Q

WHICH KIND OF BACTERIA ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT
OR
Majority of what are Important decomposers

A

Heterotrophic

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28
Q

Paramecium and amoeba were earlier placed in which kingdom and why

A

Animal becoz they lack a cell wall

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29
Q

Freshwater protists

A

Euglenoids

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30
Q

Group of protists which are only heterotrophs

A

Protozoans

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31
Q

Plankton (photosynthetic ) belong to which group of Protista

A

CHRYSOPHYTES

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32
Q

Desmids are also called

A

Golden algae

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34
Q

Chief producers in the ocean

A

Diatoms

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35
Q

Coloured protists

A

Dinoflagellate - yellow , red , Blue , green , brown

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36
Q

No of flagella in euglena

A

2

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37
Q

Stiff cellulose plates are present in

A

Dinoflagellates

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38
Q

Flagella on the basis of ‘position’ are found in

A

Dinoflagellates - longitudinal and transverse

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39
Q

Spores of ________ have true walls

A

Slime moulds

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40
Q

Protestant lacking cell wall

A

Euglenoids

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41
Q

Flexible protists

A

Euglenoids ( becoz of pellicle )

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42
Q

Saprophytic protists

A

Slime moulds

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43
Q

Protists which are primitive relatives of animals

A

Protozoans

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44
Q

No of groups protozoans are divided into

A

4

1) ameboid .2) flagellated. 3) ciliates. 4) sporozoans

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45
Q

Trypanosoma causing sleeping sickness comes under which group of protozoans ( of kingdom protists )

A

Flagellate

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46
Q

Great diversity in morphology and habitat is found in which kingdom

A

K . Fungi

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47
Q

During unfavourable condition ___________ differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips

A

PLASMODIUM

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53
Q

Network of hyphae

A

Mycelium

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56
Q

Exception to multicellular fungi

A

Yeast - (only) unicellular fungi

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57
Q

Fungi are found in

A

Air , water , oil and on animal - cosmopolitan

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58
Q

With the exception of yeast , all fungi are

A

FILAMENTOUS and multicellular

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59
Q

Basidiospores are asexual or sexual

A

Sexual spores

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60
Q

Hyphae which are continuous tubes filed with multinucleted cytoplasm

A

Coenocytic hyphae

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61
Q

Plasmodium comes under which protozoan

A

Sporozoan

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62
Q

Two Kingdom Classification given by

A

Callous Linnaeus

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63
Q

Non coenocytic hyphae are - branched or unbranched

A

Branched

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64
Q

Non coenocytic hyphae have

A

Septae are cross links

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65
Q

Cell wall of fungi is made of

A

Polysaccharide and chitin

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66
Q

The only asexual spores in deuteromycetes are

A

CONIDIA

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67
Q

Decomposers of litter and mineral cycles

A

Deuteromycetes

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68
Q

Asexual spores are absent and reproduction takes place by vegetative fragmentation . Sex organs are absent but plasmogamy takes place by fusion of 2 vegetative or somatic cells of diff genotypes

A

Basidiomycetes

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69
Q

The spores of basidiomycetes ( basidiospores ) are ____________ produced on the _____________

A

Exogenously , basidium

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70
Q

The septate mycelium has to be branched or branched ?

A

Branched

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71
Q

Penicillium belong to class

A

Ascomycetes

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72
Q

Non cellular organisms

A

Viruses

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73
Q

Common name for agaricus

A

Mushroom

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74
Q

Lactobacillus is which bacteria

A

Heterotrophic -decomposer

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75
Q

Karyogamy and meiosis forms how many basidiospores

A

4

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78
Q

What is the basis for the division of kingdom fungi into various classes

A

1) morphology of mycelium
2) mode of spore formation
3) fruiting bodies

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79
Q

Conidia is endo or exogenous

A

Exogenous

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80
Q

Red tides

A

Red Dinoflagellates

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81
Q

Sporangiospore s are endo or exo

A

Endogenous

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82
Q

Clavicles and NEOROSPORA come under which class of fungi

A

Ascomycetes

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83
Q

3 sexual spores of fungi

A

Oospores , ascospores and basidiospores

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84
Q

3 steps of sexual cycle of fungi step wise

A

1) plasmogamy
2) karyogamy
3) meiosis in zygote - forming spores

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85
Q

In asco and basidioycetes , intervening stage of sexual cycle

A

Dikaryophase ( 2 nuclei per cell )

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86
Q

Nature of mycelium in PHYCOMYCETES

A

Aseptate ( unbranched ) = coenocytic

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87
Q

Ascospores are sexual or asexual

A

Sexual

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88
Q

Zoospores and aplanospores are endogenously produced in _____

A

Sporangium

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89
Q

Parasitic fungi on mustard belongs to which class of fungi

A

Albugo belong to PHYCOMYCETES

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90
Q

Viroids were discovered in the year

A

1971

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91
Q

Kind of mycelium in ascomycetes

A

Septate = branched = non coenocytic (non continuous )

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92
Q

Edible morels and truffles come under which class of fungi

A

Ascomycetes

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93
Q

Asexual spores in ascomycetes

A

Conidia ( exogenous )

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94
Q

Viruses that infect animals have which kind of genetic material

A

Ss RNA , ds RNA , or ds DNA ( DOUBLE STRANDED DNA - not ss )

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95
Q

Bacteriophages have which kind of genetic material

A

Double stranded DNA

96
Q

Potato spindle tuber disuse is caused by

A

Viroids

97
Q

Mumps is a bacterial or viral disease

A

Viral

98
Q

Contagium Vivum fluid was given by_______ in the year ________ .

A

M W Beijerinek
1898
Demonstrated that the extract of the infected plant 🌱 of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants.

99
Q

Sexual spores on ascomycetes

A

Ascospores ( endogenous )

100
Q

Size of prions is similar or different from that of viruses

A

Similar

101
Q

Yeast belongs to which class of fungi

A

Ascomycetes

102
Q

Sporozoans come under which group of protists

A

Protozoans

Not slime moulds

103
Q

Asexual spores of fungi - 4 are

A

Conidia , sporangiospore , zoospores and aplanospores

104
Q

Aspergillus comes under which class of fungi

A

Ascomycetes

105
Q

Brackets , puffballs , RUST and SMUT belong to

A

Basidiomycetes

107
Q

Pellicle is found in

A

Euglena ( pellicle instead of cel wall)

108
Q

Aplanospores are endo or exo

A

Endo

110
Q

Mycoplasma lacks a cell membrane or cell wall

A

Wall

114
Q

CHRYSOPHYTES include which two organisms

A

Diatoms

Desmids

115
Q

Coprophilous fungi

A

Ascomycetes

116
Q

Photosynthetic protists

A

CHRYSOPHYTES , dinoflagellates or euglenoid

117
Q

Asexual spores of PHYCOMYCETES

A

Zoospores and aplanospores

Motile ). ( non motile

118
Q

Pigments of which protists are identical to those found in higher plants

A

Euglenoids

125
Q

CHEMOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHIC bacteria recycle which 4 man nutrients

A

N , P , Fe , S

127
Q

Mushrooms belong to

A

Basidiomycetes

129
Q

Zoospores are endo or exo

A

Endogenous

132
Q

Flagella on the basis of size found in

A

Euglena - long and short

141
Q

SOLE MEMBERS OF KINGDOM MONERA AND MOST ABUNDANT MICROORGANISMS

A

BACTERIA

180
Q

Cell wall of which one are indestructible (silica ) : desmids or diatoms ?

A

Diatoms

181
Q

Which 3 things does taxonomy include :

A

Identification
Nomenclature
Classification

182
Q

Who gave the term systematics

A

Linnaeus

183
Q

Number of species that ar described range betweeen -
Or
Number and types of organisms present on earth -

A

1.7-1.8 million

184
Q

In which classification overall morphology is not considered , only one or two morphological characters are considered -

A

Artificial classification

185
Q

In which system equal weightage is given to both vegetative and reproductive characters -

A

Artificial

186
Q

In which system plants are classified on the basis of COMPLETE morphological characters -

A

Natural classification

187
Q

Keys are _____ in nature

A

Analytical

188
Q

Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family , genus , species .
T/F

A

T

189
Q

Biological concept of species is given by

A

Ernst Mayr

190
Q

R.H Whittaker proposed the five kingdom classification in the year -

A

1969

191
Q

Who gave the 3 domain theory

A

Carl woose

192
Q

No .of kingdoms included in the 3 domain theory

A

6

193
Q

Cell wall of prokartes is made up of -

A

Peptidoglycan

194
Q

The innermost layer in the cell envelop of bacteria is-

A

Cell membrane

Outermost layer - glycocalyx

195
Q

Reserve materials in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of _________

A

INCLUSON BODIES - lie freely in the cytoplasm

196
Q

Nitrifying bacteria convert _______ to _________ .

A

Ammonia to nitrite and nitrate

197
Q

Azotobacter is anaerobic / aerobic

A

Aerobic

198
Q

Rhodospirillum and beijerinkia are anaerobic / aerobic

A

RHODOSPIRRILUM - ANAEROBIC

BEIJERINKIA - AEROBIC

199
Q

_______ and _________ are freely living in soil but as symbionts can fix atmospheric nitrogen .

A

Rhizobium , frankia

200
Q

Term antibiotic was given by -

A

Walksman

201
Q

Membrane bound structure present in BGA , purple and green photosynthetic eubacteria -

A

Gas vacuole

202
Q

Excessive growth of _____ in polluted water is called bloom

A

BGA

203
Q

DIATOMACEOUS EARTH is also called

A

Keiselgurh

204
Q

_____spore are formed in diatoms

A

Auxospores

205
Q

Physarum is an example of

A

Slime Mold / myxomycetes - also called false fungi

206
Q

_______ move around decaying twigs engulfing organic material -

A

Slime moulds

207
Q

Early blight of potato is caused by which fungi -

A

Altenaria Solanki

208
Q

Red rot of sugarcane is caused by fungi -

A

Colletroticum

209
Q

The name of the book published by linnaeus -

A

Species plantarum

210
Q

Systema naturae was written by

A

Linnaeus

211
Q

First plant classification was given by -

A

Aristotle

212
Q

Photosynthesis of BGA is oxygenic / anoxygenic =

A

Only oxygenic

213
Q

CO2 is fixed to carbohydrates by -

A

Rhodospirillum

214
Q

Antibiotics are obtained from -

A

BACTERIA

215
Q

Main difference in gram - and gram + resides in th3e composition of -

A

Cell wall

216
Q

Free-living N2 fixing bacteria are present in the -

A

Soil

217
Q

Bacterial flagella is made of

A

Proteins

218
Q

Plant pathogenic bacteria are gram -/ +

A

Both

219
Q

Decomposer protists -

A

Slime moulds

220
Q

Fire algae belong to group -

A

Pyrrrophyta

221
Q

Dinoflagellates are also called -

A

Fire algae

222
Q

Protists are acellular / unicellular / multicellular -

A

Acellular

223
Q

Normal number of ascospores formed in an ascus -

A

8

224
Q

Pseudomycelium occurs in -

A

Yeast

225
Q

flemming discovered penicillium while working with -

Streptomyces / staphylococcus bacteria .

A

Staphylococcus

226
Q

Unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote that lacks a cell wall

A

Euglena

227
Q

The ploidy of the dikaryotic cell in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes -

A

Haploid

228
Q

Septate branched mycelium is found in how many phylums -

A

3

Asco , basidio , deuteromycetes

229
Q

Aseptate and coenocytic mycelium is found in only -

A

PHYCOMYCETES

230
Q

The name virus that means poisonous fluid was given by

A

Pasteur

231
Q

The nucellus is protested by envelopes an the composite structure is called -

A

Ovule ( megasporangium )

232
Q

Antheridia is not found in -

A

Gymnosperms

233
Q

Male cones in _______ are well developer -

A

Cycas

234
Q

Vessels are found in most of the _______ and few _________.

A

Angios , gymnos

235
Q

Cycas has vessels . T/F

A

F

236
Q

In 5 kingdom classification , mAIN BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION IS IS -

A

Nutrition

237
Q

Plants reproducing by spores such as mosses and ferns are grouped under -

A

Cryptogams ( not sporophytes )

238
Q

If by radiation , all nitrogenase enzyme is inactivated then there will be no -

A

Fixation of nitrogen in legumes

239
Q

Auxospores are formed by

And

Hormocysts are formed by -

A

Several diatoms
And
Few Cyanobacteria

240
Q

______ and _______ are not the defining properties of living beings -

A

Growth and reproduction

241
Q

Defining chars of living beings

A

Metabolism
Consciousness
Cellular organisation

242
Q

_______ is the most obvious and complicated feature of all living beings -

A

Consciousness

243
Q

_________takes into account evolutionary relationships between organisms.

A

Systematics

244
Q

– – – – – – – contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area

A

Flora

245
Q

– – – – – provide the index to the plant species found in a particular area

A

Flora

246
Q

– – – – – Are useful in providing information for identification of names of species found in an area.

A

Manuals

247
Q

– – – – – – contain information on any one taxon .

A

Monograph

248
Q

Insects are preserved in insect boxes after collecting killing and pinning and large animals like birds and animals are usually stuffed and preserved in a – – – – –

A

Museum

249
Q

The herbarium sheets carry a label providing information about – – – – – – – –

A

Date and place of collection
English ,local and botanical names
Family
collector’s name

250
Q

– – – – – serve as quick referral system in taxonomical studies.

A

Herbarium

251
Q

Chlamydomonas and chlorella belong to which kingdom

and in which kingdom were they earlier placed

A

Kingdom protesta
Earlier placed in -algae (plant kingdom)
Because they have a cell wall

252
Q

On the basis of which characters was the five kingdom classification given

A

Five character

cell type , cell wall , nuclear membrane ,body organisation,mode of nutrition .

253
Q

Which type of cell wall do Monerans have ?

A

Non-cellulosic -prokaryotic cell wall type

Polysaccharide +amino acids

254
Q

CHRYSOPHYTES have cell walls made of ———— , whereas dinoflagellates have cell wall made of ————— .

A

Silica

Cellulose

255
Q

Which protists are microscopic?

A

CHRYSOPHYTES- desmids and diatoms

Plankton

256
Q

All ___________are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasites 🦠 .

A

Protozoans

257
Q

Marine forms of which protozoan have silica shells ?

A

Ameboid protozoans -entamoeba

258
Q

Sleeping sickness is caused by ________ protozoan .

A

Flagellated - trypanosoma

259
Q

______ protozoans have a cavity or gullet that opens to the outside of the body .

A

Ciliated

260
Q

Under kingdom PROTISTA , ______ are primitive relatives of animals .

A

Protozoans

261
Q

Under _______ conditions , slime moulds form plasmodium , which forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips during _______ conditions .

A

Suitable/ favourable

Unfavourable

262
Q

CHRYSOPHYTES are found in _____ and _____ .
Dinoflagellates are found in -
Euglenoids are found in ________ water .

A

Both marine and freshwater
Marine
Stagnant ( but FRESHWATER )

263
Q

Mostly edible fungi are found in which class -

A

Ascomycetes

Exception -mushroom ( agaricus ) comes under basidiomycetes

264
Q

_______ spores are generally not found in basidiomycetes .

A

Asexual

BUT VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION BY FRAGMENTATION IS COMMON .

265
Q

Sex organs are completely absent in which CLASS of fungi -

A

Basidiomycetes

266
Q

Fruiting bodies in basidiomycetes are called -

A

Basidiocarps

267
Q

Conidia on germination produces _______ .

A

Mycelium

268
Q

Which class of fungi is found in AQUATIC habitat or as OBLIGATE PARASITES on PLANTS ?

A

PHYCOMYCETES

Also found on decaying wood in moist and damp places .

269
Q

Capsomeres of viruses 🦠 are arranged in ______or _____ forms .

A

Helical

Polyhedral geometric

270
Q

A _ _______is a Nucleoprotein and the genetic material is infectious .

A

Virus 🦠

271
Q

Antibiotics are obtained from -

A

Both bacteria and fungi (ascomycetes-penicillin)

Biology 1 (8 decks)

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