Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head And Neck > Major Blood Vessels Of Head And Neck > Flashcards

Major Blood Vessels Of Head And Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Carotid Endarterectomy?

A

Making an incision into the neck and carotid artery to remove plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is the IJV or EJV larger?

A

IJV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which 2 arteries to the head and neck branch off of the Subclavian Artery?

Which of these keep moving upwards to the skull?
Which one branches? What does it branch into?

A
  • Vertebral Artery keeps moving upwards (through Transverse Foramina above C7)
  • Thyrocervical Trunk-> Inferior Thyroid Artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What nerve does the Inferior Thyroid Artery come close to, that surgeons need to be careful of when operating on thyroid?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (branch of Vagus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is the left common carotid artery slightly longer?

A

Left (arises directly from arch of aorta) travels for an extra 2cm in superior mediastinum before entering neck

Whereas right CCA branches off of subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the organisation of the Carotid Sheath’s vessels

Where does the sympathetic chain lie in relation to the sheath?

A

CCA lies medially to vein, while vagus nerve is behind and in between the vessels

Sympathetic chain lies outside of the sheath, medially and behind it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

At the bifurcation of the CCA, why is the Internal Carotid Artery more bulbous?

A

Due to the Carotid Sinus (and Carotid body)

Sinus is just before the bifurcation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Carotid Sinus?

What is the Carotid Body?

A

A swelling of the CCA just before it bifurcates, containing Baroreceptors

A group of chemoreceptors that detect arterial O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinically, why can rubbing the carotid sinus firmly be beneficial?

A

A carotid massage can alleviate Supra-Ventricular Tachycardias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which parts of the head are supplied by the Vertebral arteries?

A

Posterior neck and posterior parts of brain (e.g Brainstem, Cerebellum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the pathway of the Internal Carotid Artery up to the point where it branches to supply the brain and eye?

Explain in 4 steps

A
  1. Ascends through neck, giving off no branches
  2. Enters base of skull through Carotid Canal (In petrous part of temporal bone)
  3. Turns Medially and Horizontally, then makes an S shaped bend
  4. Passes through the Cavernous Sinus
  5. Once it exits, it gives off its branches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Briefly, what is the Cavernous Sinus?

A

A plexus of very thin-walled veins on the upper surface of the Sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Supra trochlear and Supra orbital arteries are facial arteries, but strangely they do not come from the External Carotid Artery.

Outline their branching pathway

A

Internal Carotid-> Opthalmic-> Supra Trochlear and Orbital arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which branch of the Internal Carotid Artery goes into the Optic nerve?

Why is it a very important artery?

A

Central Retinal Artery

If blood supply is lost, vision in that eye is lost (Can happen from embolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which areas do the Supra trochlear and Supra orbital artery supply?

A

Scalp (also supplied by external carotid artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The 1st branch of the Internal Carotid is the Ophthalmic.

Name the 3 that form the anterior circulation of Circle of Willis and supply the brain

A
  • Anterior cerebral artery
  • Middle cerebral artery
  • Posterior communicating artery
17
Q

What Arteries form the posterior circulation of the Circle of Willis?

What connects them to the Anterior circulation

A

Posterior cerebral artery, (branch from Basilar artery)

Connected to ant. circulation via Posterior Communicating artery

18
Q

How do the Vertebral Arteries travel up to the skull after branching off Subclavian artery?

A
  1. Ascend through Cervical Transverse Foramina (except C7)
  2. Enters sub-arachnoid space between Atlas and Occipital bone
  3. Passes up through Foramen Magnum, curves around Medulla to join vertebral artery from other side-> Basilar artery

(This runs along anterior aspect of brainstem, namely the Pons)

19
Q

List the 8 External Carotid Artery Branches

“Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students)

A
  1. Superior Thyroid
  2. Ascending Pharyngeal
  3. Lingual (oral cavity and tongue)
  4. Facial
  5. Occipital
  6. Posterior Auricular
  7. Maxillary
  8. Superficial Temporal
20
Q

What are the 2 Terminal branches of the External Carotid?

Where can the facial pulse be felt?

A

Superficial Temoral and Maxillary (travel through Parotid gland, like facial nerve does)

Inferior border of mandible, anterior to Masseter muscle

21
Q

How do patients with Giant Cell Arthritis (GCA)/ Temporal arteritis present?

(Inflammation of superficial temporal artery)

A
  • Frequent severe headaches
  • Scalp tenderness/ pain (e.g brushing hair)
  • Jaw pain while eating/ talking
  • Loss of vision/ visual changes (can be permanent if not treated)
22
Q

As well as the parotid gland, the maxillary artery supplies deep tissue and bone structures (Nasal cavity + paransalsinuses)

It gives off a branch called the Middle Meningeal Artery (MMA) which runs through skull base.

What does it supply?

A

Meninges and skull bones

23
Q

Name the layers of the scalp

Which layer are the arteries in?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue (arteries in here)
Aponeurosis 
Loose Areolar Tissue 
Periosteum
24
Q

Why can small scalp cuts lead to large amounts of bleeding?

Give 3 reasons

A
  • Lots of anastomoses
  • Artery walls held/ pulled open by connective tissue so can’t constrict
  • Lacerations deep enough to cut aponeurosis-> Muscles of Occipitofrontalis ”pull” cut open more
25
Q

What opening does the Middle Meningeal Artery enter the skull from?

Describe its branching

A

Enters through Foramen Spinosum, branch’s into Anterior and Posterior branches

(Leaves an indent on skull in young age as it pushes on the bone)

26
Q

What is unique to facial veins?

A

Valveless

27
Q

Describe the drainage of the Superfical Temporal, Occipital and Posterior Auricular Veins into the Sublcavian vein

A
  • Superficial Temporal and Occipital Combine together to form Retromandibular Vein
  • Posterior Auricular vein joins RM vein-> EJV
  • EJV-> Subclavian Vein
28
Q

Why can facial infection spread to intracranial structures?

A

Facial artery is connected to Superior and Inferior Opthalmic veins, which are directly connected to Cavernous Sinus AND Pterygoid Venous Plexus

29
Q

Why can scalp infections spread to intracranial structures?

A

Extra-cranial scalp veins are connected to Dural/ Intra-cranial Venous Sinuses, via Emissary veins running through the skull

30
Q

What is the Danger Triangle of the face?

A

Region where facial vein can drain backwards into Cavernous Sinus (Rare but dangerous)

(Infections can end up in Dural Venous Sinuses_

31
Q

Describe the route of blood flow with regard to venous sinuses

A
  • Cerebral veins drain into Superior Saggital Sinus
  • SS Sinus splits into left and right Transverse Sinuses
  • T Sinuses continue as Sigmoid Sinuses which bend in an S shape and drain into IVJ, exiting skull through Jugular Foramen
32
Q

As well as the facial vein, the IJV gets blood from the Tongue and Thyroid Gland.

Describe its path into the SVC

A

Joins with Subclavian Vein to form Braciocephalic Vein, which drains into SVC

33
Q

Describe the drainage of the Supra Orbital and Trochlear veins into the facial vein

A
  • Drain into Angular vein at Medial angle of eye towards inferior border of mandible.
  • Angular vein continues as facial vein (with facial artery)
  • Facial vein joins IJV (a continuation of the Sigmoid Sinus)
34
Q

What is Amaurosis Fugax

A

Visual loss due to a clot

35
Q

Other than the MMA, name an important branch of the Maxillary Artery

A

Sphenopalatine artery

Head And Neck (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions