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Meteorology Exam 1 (CH 1, 2, and 3) > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Atmosphere

A

Thin layer of gases and tiny particles that envelopes the globe

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2
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Living organisms convert food to energy to fuel life processes

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3
Q

Differentiation

A

Separation of earth into layers based on density of material

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4
Q

Outgassing

A

Principal course of Earths atmosphere, release of gases from rock through volcanic eruptions and the planets rocky surface when meteorites strike

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5
Q

Outgassing primarily releases

A

Carbon dioxide nitrogen and water vapor

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6
Q

Homosphere

A

Lower atmosphere, maintains uniform ratio of gases

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7
Q

Heterosphere

A

Above 80km of atmosphere, separates gases by weight

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8
Q

Top 12 gases that compose dry air in lower atmosphere (most to least)

A 
Nitrogen
Oxygen 
Argon 
Carbon dioxide 
Neon 
Helium 
Methane 
Krypton 
Nitrous oxide 
Hydrogen 
Xenon 
Ozone
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9
Q

Scientific models

A

Approximations or simulations of real systems

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10
Q

Conceptual model and example

A

Statement of a fundamental law or relationship

Ex. Geographic wind model

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11
Q

Graphical model and example

A

Displays data in format that readily conveys meaning

Ex. Weather map

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12
Q

Physical model and example

A

Miniaturized version of a system

Ex. Tornado vortex model

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13
Q

Photochemical smog

A

Mixture of aerosols and gases including ozone and nitrogen generated in presence of sunlight

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14
Q

Radiosondes

A

Typically measures measures temp, dew point and pressure

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15
Q

Rawinsode

A

Upper air sounding that includes wind speed and direction data determined by GPS tracking antenna

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16
Q

Sounding

A

Vertical profile of air temperature, pressure and dew point

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17
Q

Dropsonde

A

Similar to rawinsonde, but dropped from air craft

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18
Q

Dropwindsonde

A

A dropsonde typically tracked via GPS to provide wind speed and direction data . Deployed as “hurricane hunter” aircraft

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19
Q

As you go up the earth’s surface,

A

Density of oxygen molecules decreases

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20
Q

Atmospheric layers in order from bottom to top

A 
Troposphere 
Tropopause 
Stratosphere 
Stratopause 
Mesosphere 
Mesopause 
Thermosphere
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21
Q

Lowest layer in atmosphere

A

Troposphere

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22
Q

Most oxygen in this layer

A

Troposphere

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23
Q

Weather occurs in this layer

A

Troposphere

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24
Q

Temperature decreases with altitude on this layer

A

Troposphere

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25
Q

50 km from troposphere

A

Stratosphere

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26
Q

Isothermal (constant temp) in lower part of this layer

A

Stratosphere

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27
Q

Ozone layer is in this layer

A

Stratosphere

28
Q

Temperature increases with altitude to the top of this layer

A

Stratosphere

29
Q

Why does temperature increase with altitude in stratosphere

A

Because the ozone layer concentrated in the layer traps heat

30
Q

80 km from stratosphere

A

Mesosphere

31
Q

Temperature decreases with increasing altitude in this layer

A

Mesosphere

32
Q

Why does temperature decrease with increasing altitude in the mesosphere

A

Because there are no gasses to trap heat

33
Q

Lowest average temperature In atmosphere and is Transition zone after mesosphere

A

Mesopause

34
Q

Temperatures are constant or isothermal, and then initially rise rapidly in this layer

A

Thermosphere

35
Q

This layer is sensitive to incoming solar radiation and is more variable (not always the same)

A

Thermosphere

36
Q

This layer is located in the thermosphere and is highly concentrated in ions and electrons

A

Ionosphere

37
Q

What causes highly concentrated ions and electrons in ionosphere, what charge does it leave

A

Solar energy stripping electrons from oxygen and nitrogen, leaving positive charge

38
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Use of light energy from sun to combine carbon dioxide of the atmosphere with water to produce glucose and release oxygen as a by product

39
Q

Components Earth system atmosphere is

A

Hydrosphere (bodies of water )

Geo sphere (rocks minerals soil )

Biosphere (plants, animals )

40
Q

The atmosphere protects organisms from

A

Exposure of hazardous levels of solar ultraviolet radiation

41
Q

Processes Necessary for life made possible by the gasses in atmosphere

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

42
Q

The atmosphere supplies —- for all forms of life

A

Water

43
Q

Earth and is. And entire solar system eveloved from this immense rotating cloud of cosmic dust, ice and gases

A

Nebula

44
Q

The green house effect is when

A

Water vapor and clouds close the escape of earths heat to space, elevating the temperature of the lower atmosphere

45
Q

Carbon dioxide slows

A

The escape of earths heat to space and raised temperature

46
Q

Cooling of the Earth caused

A

Water vapor in atmosphere to condense to clouds, producing rain

47
Q

Air pollutant

A

Gas or aerosol in atmosphere at concentration that threatens life on earth or disrupt function of the environment

48
Q

The Earths surface continued to cool from —— and rain cause

A

Evaporation of the ocean and rain caused decline in concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere

49
Q

Aerosols

A

Minute liquid and solid particles in earths atmosphere

50
Q

Remote sensing

A

Measurement of environmental conditions by processing signals either emitted by an object or reflected back to a signal source

51
Q

Aurora

A

Appear in night sky as visual display of overlapping curtains of green white light

52
Q

Solar wind

A

Stream of high speed, electrically charged subatomic particles, emanates from coronal ho,ex on the sun and travels through space at high speed

53
Q

Chief gaseous components of homosphere

A

Nitrogen and oxygen

54
Q

Where do most aerosols occur

A

In lower atmosphere

55
Q

Where are aerosols derived from

A

Wind erosion of soil. Ocean spray, forest fires, volcanic eruptions and industrial, agricultural activity

56
Q

These two absorb and emit infrared radiation, elevating the temperature of lower atmosphere that makes life on earth possible

A

Water vapor and carbon dioxide

57
Q

Some aerosols

A

promote development of clouds

58
Q

Some aerosols affect climate by

A

Interacting with incoming solar radiation

59
Q

Example of secondary air pollutant (chemical reactions involving primary air pollutants

A

Photochemical smog

60
Q

One weakness of scientific method

A

Lack of creativity

61
Q

Why is stratosphere ideal for aircraft

A

It is above weather, offering good visibility and smooth flying conditions

62
Q

Why do pollutants persist longer in lower stratosphere

A

Because there is little air exchanged between troposphere and stratosphere

63
Q

Radio waves are reflected in this layer, important for conventional long distance radio transmission

A

Ionosphere

64
Q

This layer is the Site of the aurora

A

Ionosphere

65
Q

What triggers an aurora

A

Solar wind

Meteorology Exam 1 (CH 1, 2, and 3) (3 decks)

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