Final 2015 Flashcards
Which of the following is affected in asthmatic attack?
a. Trachea
b. Primary bronchi
c. Secondary bronchi
d. Bronchiole
d. Bronchiole
The graph below shows the relationship between the intensity of exercise and relative contribution of carbohydrates/lipids to ATP production. What exercise intensity range would you suggest to an overweight individual to efficiently burn fat?
a. A (first part)
What would be the response of a patient with type 2 DM after taking glucose?
Number 1
Number 2
Number 3
Number 1 in the morning, and number 2 at night
Number 2 in the morning, and number 3 atnight
Number 1
What hormone does this graph represent?
1- Glucose
2- GH
3- Cortisol
4- FSH
5- LH
Cortisol
What is the underlying problem in the ECG?
Right atrial enlargement
LVH
Left atrial enlargement
Left atrial enlargement
couldn’t find a similar ECG to the one in the test but you get the gist
What is the diagnosis from theECG?
Hyper-acute anterolateral infarction
Which nerve is affected if the patient tilts his left gluteal area when walking on his right leg?
a. Right superior gluteal nerve
b. Left superior gluteal nerve
c. Left inferior gluteal nerve
d. Right inferior gluteal nerve
e. Left obturator nerve
a. Right superior gluteal nerve
A 17-year-old school boy was diagnosed with pulmonary TB. He is a member of music school team who travelled a 2-week concert trip to Malaysia 1 month earlier. What preventive medicine action would the physician take??
a. isolate whole team in the infectious disease hospital.
b. vaccinate whole team.
c. Give isoniazid for whole team
d. carry on tracing and screening the team
e. carry on chest X-ray for symptomatic individuals.
c. Give isoniazid for whole team
If the left coronary artery was blocked, what would be affected?
a. 1/3 of the anterior interatrial septum
b. 2/3 of the anterior interventricular septum
c. 1/3 of the posterior interatrial septum
d. 1/3 of the posterior interventricular septum
b. 2/3 of the anterior interventricular septum
an ex-smoker has cyanosis and lower limb edema. He showed vesicular breathing with scattered rhonchi and dyspnea, pulmonary function tests were as follows:
FEV1 (45% predicted) FVC (46% predicted ) FEV1/FVC = 65% TLC 2.9 ( 85% predicted ) DLCO (70% predicted ) What is the probable diagnosis?
a. restrictive pulmonary disorder
b. obstructive pulmonary disorder
a. restrictive pulmonary disorder
b. obstructive pulmonary disorder
(Dr. Zoran counted both as correct)
If there’s a displacement of the olecranon process, what movement would likely be lost?
a. extension of the elbow
b. extension of the wrist and ulnar deviation
c. extension of the wrist and radial deviation
a. extension of the elbow
If the superior parathyroid gland was affected with a tumor, what structure would likely be least affected initially?
a. trachea
b. esophagus
c. recurrent laryngeal nerve
d. external laryngeal nerve
d. external laryngeal nerve
Which vit-D Dependent Ca absorption protein is used for intracellular Ca transport in enterocytes?
a. Calbindin
b. Calcitriol
a. Calbindin
38 year old female, missed period for three months, weight gain, depression, [fatigue(?) ]. With the obvious amenorrhea, what would you find in her blood tests?
a. Raised prolactin
b. Raised cortisol
a. Raised prolactin
b. Raised cortisol
(both are possible answers)
What is a characteristic of stanzolol? has more virilization affects than testosterone delays premature closure of epiphyses useful in hyperprolactinemia Used in hypoproteinemia states contraindicated in endometriosis
Used in hypoproteinemia states
According to Dr. bitar, stanzolol has more of an anabolic effect than virilizing
Which component of the conducting system of the heart is located in the membranous part of the intraventricular septum?
a. Bundle of his
b. Right bundle of his
c. Left bundle of his
d. AV node
e. SA node
a. Bundle of his
A 15-year-old boy presented with supracondylar fracture of the humerus, which nerve will most likely be affected?
a. Ulnar
b. Median
c. Radial
d. Axillary
e. Musculocutaneous
b. Median
What is a characteristic of IGF-1 receptor?
a. have intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity
b. Hetrodimeriztion with GH receptor
c. Coupled to Gi protien
d. Coupled to Ras protien
a. have intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity
The mutation F508 in Cystic fibrosis causes the deletion of which AA?
a. Phenylalanine
b. Glycine
c. Lysine
a. Phenylalanine
Which one of these steroids bind to albumin in circulation for transport?
a. Cortisol
b. Estradiol
c. Testosterone
d. Progesterone
e. Aldosterone
e. Aldosterone
In females, which tanner stage reflects the enlargement of breast and areola as a single mound?
a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 3
d. stage 4
e. stage 5
c. stage 3
A patient presents with chest pain and the ECG is suggestive of STEMI. Which of the following is true?
a. thrombolytic therapy superior to percutaneous coronary intervention
b. thrombolytic therapy is indicated if onset of symptoms is less than 12 hours
c. thrombolytic therapy is not indicated if troponin was normal
d. check for ischemia before obtaining the thrombolytic therapy
b. thrombolytic therapy is indicated if onset of symptoms is less than 12 hours
A 44-year-old victim of a car accident was bleeding & her blood pressure was reduced to 90/60 mmHg. What is the most likely mechanism for the maintaining of her coronary blood flow?
a. autoregulation
b. reactive hyperemia
c. parasympathetic stimulation
a. autoregulation
What hormone acts to lower calcium concentration?
Calcitonin
Where is tubular myelin found?
a. extracellular alveolar fluid
b. at air water interface
a. extracellular alveolar fluid
Injury to which nerve causes an effect on the antero-medial side of leg? a. L2
b. L3
c. L4
d. L5
e. S2
c. L4
What causes cough in patient with high bradykinin levels?
a. Ace inhibitor
Which of the following ligands bind to ABCG1?
a. lipid poor A-1
b. lipid free A-2
c. small HDL
d. large HDL
c. small HDL
A 60-year-old woman with low bone mass density was given alendronate by an oral route. Which would be an effect of the drug?
a. Diarrhea
b. Constipation
c. erosive esophagitis
d. pernicious anemia
c. erosive esophagitis
During the development of IE, which bacterial component mediates binding to the endothelial cells of the endocardium?
a. Dextran
b. Flagella
c. Peptidoglycan
d. Lipoteichoic acid
a. Dextran
What is the type of metabolism used in a failing heart?
a. Glycolysis
What is the key feature of local action of prostaglandins?
a. Reduced 1/2 life after production
b. Released from albumin
c. Produced by protease
d. Released from granules
a. Reduced 1/2 life after production
What is the cytological feature of hypothyroidism?
a. active follicular
b. Active Para follicular
c. Flat follicular cells
d. Poorly stained
c. Flat follicular cells
The fact the CF (cystic fibrosis) is more common in monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins. What’s the reason?
a. environmental modifiers
b. genetic modifiers
c. solid genetic heterogeneity
d. partial allele differences
(We had this question and the choices didn’t make sense to us. We tried to get the correct answer but couldn’t. SORRY)
A mother brought her 14 years old daughter in concern of bleeding problem. What, from history, suggests a platelet problem rather than coagulation problem?
a. A joint swelling
b. The fact that she received fresh frozen plasma in the past
c. The mother has a brother with similar condition
d. The daughter experiences heavy menstrual bleeding
d. The daughter experiences heavy menstrual bleeding
A 53-year-old female with a mass on the right side of her neck on examination with tc-99 revealed hyper activity (hot) nodule and no other parts are visualized, the patient is clinically euthyroid. Which lab result would correlate to her findings?
a. Low TSH regardless of Free T4 level
b. Low TSH with high freeT4 and freeT3
c. High TSH with low freeT4
a. Low TSH regardless of Free T4 level
The range of the painful arc in impingement syndrome.
a. 60-120 degrees
Which of the following stimulate the synthesis of fat from carbohydrates?
a. insulin
b. epinephrine
c. glucagon
d. thyroid hormones
a. insulin
What is indicated to monitor levels of toxicity of Adriamycin (doxyrubicin) on the heart?
a. Myocardial perfusion imaging
b. Gated blood pool imaging
c. ECG
b. Gated blood pool imaging
A 19-year-old boy presented with cardiac failure following infection. There were indications of necrosis upon histology and lymphocytosis. What is the most likely pathogen implicated w/ Myocarditis?
a. Adenovirus
b. Coxsackie virus
c. Parvovirus
b. Coxsackie virus
What are the consequences of mitochondrial genomic mutation?
a. Defect in Translation
b. Defect in ATP production
c. Defect in Replication
d. Defect in Transcription
b. Defect in ATP production
What is the nerve that carries sensory stimuli from the larynx to above the vocal folds?
a. External laryngeal
b. Internal laryngeal
c. Inferior laryngeal
d. Glossopharyngeal
b. Internal laryngeal
What hormone act as inhibitor of long loop negative feedback?
a. Calcitriol
b. Thyroxine
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. Oxytocin
b. Thyroxine
A patient presented with chest pain and ECG demonstrates a 3 mm ST- segment depression in chest lead v3 to v5. What treatment would you administer to this patient?
a. immediate mechanical revascularization in catheterization laboratory
b. immediate administration of fibrinolytic therapy
c. anticoagulation in the form of warfarin
d. dual antiplatelet therapy and heparin
d. dual antiplatelet therapy and heparin
Which of the following is involved in increased killing of internalized material due to respiratory burst?
a. Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROS)
b. Phagocytosis
c. Complement
d. Apoptotic Cytokines
e. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
a. Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROS)
A 15-year-old girl complains of prolonged bleeding from small cuts and wounds, heavy menses (menorrhagia) she has prolonged APTT and bleeding time. What be found during lab investigation?
a. Low ristociten factor activity (Von-willebrand disease)
What determines unequal ventilation in different parts of the lungs in healthy people, especially in deep breathing?
a. Differences in the resistance of the airways
b. Differences of the residual volumes between apical and basal parts
c. Higher lung compliance in basal parts than apical parts
c. Higher lung compliance in basal parts than apical parts
In which of the following cases helium dilution is better than body plethysmography? 1. abdominal bloating
- lung bleb
- emphysema
- lung fibrosis
- abdominal bloating
how does AAT-1 helps in the lungs?
It inhibits the activity of the enzyme elastase
Which of the following is common when B adrenergic blocker and thiazide diuretic is chronically used to treat HTN?
a. Persistent decrease in cardiac output
b. Persistent decrease in peripheral vascular resistance
c. renin inhibition
d. inhibition of tubular reabsorption of Na+ in kidney
e. Inhibit activation of Chloride and K+ channels
b. Persistent decrease in peripheral vascular resistance
What activated sugar is important for the salvage pathway of purine synthesis?
a. 5-phosphoribosyl-1phosphatase
A patient did a test and was found to have a pituitary tumor. If that tumor enlarged and grew laterally, what nerve will be affected first?
a. Trochlear
b. abducent
b. abducent
Which statement is true regarding nuclear imaging of the adrenal gland?
a. NP-59 is an analogue for cholesterol
b. l-131 MIB6 used only for neuroblastoma and other neuroendocrine tumors
c. FDG PE7 has high specificity for neuroendocrine tumor
d. MI BG when injected is excreted majorly by the kidneys
a. NP-59 is an analogue for cholesterol
Which condition can cause apparent high DLCO?
a. lung fibrosis
b. lung hemorrhage
b. lung hemorrhage
Which lipid is the major lipid on lung surfactant?
Glycerosphingolipid
Normal AaDO2 but dyspneic?
Hypoperfusion
What causes hypoxic vasoconstriction?
a. PA02
b. Pa02 (not this because this means SYSTEMIC arterial o2, not pulmonary
a. PA02 (not Pa02 because this means SYSTEMIC arterial o2, not pulmonary arterial po2) (both were considered correct in our exam, but the correct answer is PAO2 according to Dr. Zoran)
A patient came in weak, after coughing with greenish sputum a couple of days ago (lung infection). Plasma osmolality was 260 mosm, 115 sodium, in urine osmolality was 150 mosm, 145 sodium. What is the cause of hyponatremia?
a. Addison’s
b. SIADH
c. pseudoaldoestronism
d. aldosterone
b. SIADH
Female patient with hypertension, angina pectoris, diabetes type 1 comes agitated and confused. She presents with pallor, diaphoresis, hunger, dizziness, headache and her daughter took her to the hospital. Stat glucose is 3.1, acute hypoglycemic reaction. Patientwastreated,whatisthe nextstepafterrecovery?
a. 2-5 grams of simple carb
b. 10-15 grams of simple carb
c. 150 mL full fat milk
d. 250 mL orange juice
e. Increase dose of insulin at the next meal
b. 10-15 grams of simple carb
Patient lost 18% body volume after RTA, how do you manage him?
a. Crystalloids
b. Crystalloids and RBCs
c. Colloids
d. FFP
a. Crystalloids
Patient with polyuria, depression, anorexia, and bone pain stopping him from leaving the house, what is the cause?
- DI
- DM2
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperparathyroidism
What passes in the aortic hiatus with the aorta?
a. Azygous vein
b. Sympathetic chain
a. Azygous vein
Drug used for osteoporosis with tachyphylaxis as a characteristic?
a. Calcitonin
What is true about the prevention of myocardial infarction?
a. Secondary prevention with statins for all regardless of cholesterol level
What is the mechanism of action of ticlopidine?
a. Inhibits activation of IIb/IIIa receptor
b. Inhibits thromboxane production
a. Inhibits activation of IIb/IIIa receptor
What is only found on the internal surface of cells?
Phosphatidylserine
What is the mechanism of action of tofacitinib?
a. JAK kinase inhibitor
Patient present with clicking and his leg gives away due to injury to ACL, MCL, medial meniscus; whattestswouldbepositive?
a. Varus, McMurry, anterior drawer
b. Valgus and anterior drawer
b. Valgus and anterior drawer
Patient with small kidneys and concentric hypertrophy?
a. systemic hypertension
What is renal hyaline arteriosclerosis most characteristic of?
a. Systemic hypertension
b. Wegner’s granulomatosis
a. Systemic hypertension
What is happening at the end of the absolute refractory period?
a. Some Na channels are available for activation
What drug causes leg edema as a side effect?
Calcium blocker
Why is paracetamol preferred over of aspirin for a child?
Reye’s syndrome is associated with aspirin
What blood pressure is associated with pheochromocytoma?
- upper limb 170/90, lower limb 120/85
- upper limb 120/85, lower limb 170/90
- 120/85 all over
- 170/90 all over
- 170/90 all over
what is a characteristic of XY pure gonadal dysgenesis?
Female secondary sexual characteristics
What muscle is responsible for flexion while walking?
Iliopsoas
How does somatostatin inhibit GH release?
Decrease cAMP
What is the function of 2,3-BPG?
a. Stabilizes deoxyhemoglobin to facilitate more O2 release
What is the importance of antibodies in diabetes type 1?
Predict disease development
What is given to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis?
Anti Rh antibodies to the mother after delivery