Therapeutics

Question 1

What are some conditions for which anti-VEGF intra-vitreal injections may be given?

Answer 1

CRVO, wet ARMD and diabetic macular oedema

Question 2

What are some adverse effects of the use of steroid drops?

Answer 2

Increased risk of cataracts, glaucoma, potentiation of viral infections and poor wound healing

Question 3

Corticosteroid drops should never be given in which pathology and why?

Answer 3

Herpes simplex keratitis, as it can precipitate the formation of a dendritic ulcer

Question 4

What is the most commonly used antibiotic drop?

Answer 4

Chloramphenicol

Question 5

Chloramphenicol drops may not have anti-bacterial activity against which bacteria?

Answer 5

Strep pneumoniae or pseudomonas

Question 6

Which type of antibiotic drop may be used for corneal ulcers?

Answer 6

Quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

Question 7

What is the most commonly used anti-viral drop?

Answer 7

Aciclovir 3%

Question 8

In what pathology should local anaesthetic drops not be used in the eye?

Answer 8

Corneal abrasions

Question 9

If fluorescein dye is taken up by areas of epithelial loss, what colour will it stain?

Answer 9

Green

Question 10

Mydriatic eye drops have what effect?

Answer 10

Cause pupillary dilatation

Question 11

What is the mechanism of action of most mydriatic eye drops?

Answer 11

Inhibition of the parasympathetic supply to the iris

Question 12

What are some side effects of mydriatic eye drops?

Answer 12

Blurred vision and precipitation of acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 13

What is the most commonly used mydriatic eye drop that has a short duration of action?

Answer 13

Tropicamide

Question 14

What is the most commonly used topical drug to lower IOP?

Answer 14

Beta blockers

Question 15

What systemic treatment can be used to lower IOP?

Answer 15

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. acetazolamide)

Question 16

What systemic drug can cause the formation of red tears and staining of contact lenses?

Answer 16

Rifampicin

Question 17

What systemic drug can cause changes in the appreciation of colour vision?

Answer 17

Digoxin

Question 18

What type of drug is pilocarpine?

Answer 18

Parasympathomimetic

Question 19

What topical medication can cause the iris to change from blue to brown, and can make the eyelashes thicker and longer?

Answer 19

Prostaglandin analogues

Question 20

What medication can cause paraesthesia in the fingers/toes/lips as a side effect?

Answer 20

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 21

Which drugs used in chronic open angle glaucoma work by increasing the uveoscleral outflow?

Answer 21

Prostaglandin analogues and sympathomimetics

Question 22

What type of drug is brimonidine?

Answer 22

Sympathomimetic

Question 23

Which drugs used in chronic open angle glaucoma work by reducing the production of aqueous humour?

Answer 23

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and beta bockers

Question 24

Which drug used in chronic open angle glaucoma works by constricting the pupil and opening the trabecular meshwork?

Answer 24

Parasympathomimetics